Ro-ràdh
Vowels
Consonants
Fricatives
Slenderisation
Lenition
Pre-aspiration
Diphthongs
Helping Vowel
Hiatus
L, N, R
Rt& Rd
Vowels before
rr, ll, nn

Unstressed Vowels

 

Fuaimreagan - Vowels

Gaelic uses the five symbols a, o, u, i, e to represent a large number of Gaelic vowel sounds.  This is achieved by using accents and by combining the five basic vowles in various ways.  In Gaelic there are both short and long vowles.  Long vowels are indicated by means of accents.  There are two accents used in Scottish Gaelic:

     the acute ( ´ ) found only on the letters e and o
     the grave ( ` ) found on a, o, u, i, e

The difference in pronounciation between a, o, u, i, e and à, ò, ù, ì, è respectively is one of pure length.  The difference on the other hand between è, ò and é, ó respectively is one of quality.  Listen to the difference between è and é and ò and ó:

 Download fuaimreag01

[ɛː] 'sè [eː]
[ɔː] òl [oː]

Consider now the difference of length between a, o, u, i, e and à, ò, ó, ù, ì, è, é.

Short Long
[a] cas [aː] càs
[ɔ] dol [ɔː] òl
[o] gob [oː] mór
[u] cur [uː] ùr
[i] min [iː] mìn
[ɛ] bean [ɛː] 'sè
[e] teth [eː]

You may have noticed that there is a slight difference between the two short e sounds and the two short o sounds.  These differences are not indicated in the spelling.  Listen to them again:

[ɔ] dol [o] gob
[ɛ] bean [e] teth

Notice the difference between the two e, and the two o sounds.


Here are some more words to practice your pronounciation of Scottish Gaelic vowels.

 Download fuaimreag02

Short i/io   [i] 
ri ɾʲi to
ris ɾʲiʃ to him
min min flower
sin ʃin that
tric t̪riʰkʲ often
mic miʰkʲ sons
thig hig̊ʲ to come
litir ʎiʰtʲɪɾʲ letter
milis milɪʃ sweet
imich imɪç to go
sgillinn sg̊ʲiʎɪɲ penny
fios fis knowledge
lios lis garden
bior b̊iɾ point
briogais ɾig̊ɪʃ trousers

 

Long i/ì/ìo
like <ea> in <bean>
   [iː]
ìm iːm butter
mìn miːn soft
sìn ʃiːn to stretch
chì çiː will see
sgìth sg̊ʲiː tired
dìreach d̊ʲiːɾʲəx straight
binn b̊iːɲ sweet
cinn kʲiːɲ heads
till tʲiːʎ to return
cill kʲiːʎ churchyard
fìor fiːɾ true
sìos ʃiːs down
sìoda ʃiːd̪̊ə silk
crìoch ɾiːç border

 Download fuaimreag03

Short e/ea/ei
like <a> in <gate> in Scottish English
  [e]
de d̊ʲe of
le le with
teth tʲeh hot
leth ʎeh half
eadar ed̪̊əɾ between
cead kʲed̪̊ right
fead fed̪̊ whistle
beag b̊e small
leag ʎe to chop down
creag kɾe cliff
leis leʃ with him
ceist kʲeʃtʲ question
bheil vel [verb form]

 

Long é/eu/éi
like <ay> in <say> in Scottish English.
  [eː]
d̊ʲeː what
an-dé ən'd̊ʲeː yesterday
feum feːm use
leum ʎeːm to jump
ceum kʲeːm step
Seumas ʃeːməs James
feumaidh feːmɪ must
fhéin heːn self
féidh feːj deer (plural)
réidh r̴eːj level
léir ʎeːɾʲ visible
céile kʲeːlɪ partner

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Short e/ea
like <e> in <get>
   [ɛ]
fear fɛɾ man
bean b̊ɛn wife
lean ʎɛn to follow
sean ʃɛn old
leabaidh ʎɛɪ bed

 

Long è/èi/(ài)
like <ai> in <fair>
   [ɛː]
sèimh ʃɛ̃ːv quiet
gnè g̊ɾɛ̃ gender
'sè ʃɛː it is
Gàidheal g̊ɛː.əɫ̪ Gael
pàipear pɛːʰpɛɾ paper

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Short a/ai/ea
like <a>
in <hat> in Scottish English  [a]
ad ad̪̊ hat
cas kas foot
can kan to say
mac maʰk son
abair aɪ ɾʲ to say
aran aɾan bread
athair ahɪ ɾʲ father
bata b̊aʰt̪ə bat
fada fad̪̊ə long
balach b̊aɫ̪əx boy
falamh faɫ̪əv empty
tapaidh t̪aʰpɪ quick
math mah good
baile b̊alɪ town
caileag kala girl
cailleach kaʎəx old woman
maide mad̊ʲɪ stick
each jax horse
seachd ʃax seven
speal sjaɫ̪ scythe
dealbh d̊ʲa ɫ̪av picture
sealg ʃaɫ̪a to hunt

 

Long à/ài/eà
like <a> in <halve> in Scottish English 
[aː]
àrd ɹʃd̪̊ tall
àlainn aːɫ̪ɪɲ wonderful
bàrd b̊aːɹʃd̪̊ bard
bàta b̊aːʰt̪ə boat
làmh ɫ̪ãːv hand
làr ɫ̪aːɾ ground
màthair mãːhɪɾʲ mother
àite aːʰtʲɪ place
sàil saːl heel
dàil d̪̊aːl delay
càise kaːʃɪ cheese
càil kaːl anything
càin kaːɲ to slander
tàir t̪aːɾʲ base
geàrr g̊ʲaːr̴ short
ceàrr kʲaːr̴ wrong
is fheàrr ʃaːr̴ better
deàrrsach d̊ʲaːr̴səx shining

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Short o/oi/eo
like <o> in <cot>
   [ɔ]
loch ɫ̪ɔx lake
olla ɔɫ̪ə wool
ochd ɔx eight
trod t̪ɾɔd̪̊ scuffle
dona d̪̊ɔnə bad
sona sɔnə happy
bochd b̊ɔx poor
bodach b̊ɔd̪̊əx old man
cnoc kɾɔ̃ʰk hill
socair sɔʰkɪɾʲ gentle
coltach kɔɫ̪əx similar
toit t̪ɔʰtʲ smoke
toil t̪ɔl desire
coire kɔɾʲɪ kettle
deoch d̊ʲɔx drink
seo ʃɔ this

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Long ò/òi/eò
like <au> in <caught>
   [ɔː]
òl ɔːɫ̪ to drink
òg ɔː young
mòd mɔːd̪̊ Mod
pòg pɔː kiss
tòrr t̪ɔr̴ a lot
còrr kɔːr̴ rest
bròn b̊ɾɔːn sorrow
sròn sd̪̊ɾɔːn

nose

còrd kɔːɹd̪̊ to agree
bòrd b̊ɔːɹd̪̊ table
còta kɔːʰt̪ə coat
Dòmhnall d̪̊ɔ̃ː.əɫ̪ Donald
glòir g̊ɫ̪ɔːɾʲ glory
bòid b̊ɔːd̊ʲ vow
còir kɔːɾʲ right
ceòl kʲɔːɫ̪ music
seòl ʃɔːɫ̪ sail
beò b̊jɔː alive

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Short o/(oi)
like <o> in <coat> in Scottish English
   [o]
bog b̊og̊ soft
gob g̊ob̊ mouth
obair ob̊ɪɾʲ work
tobar t̪ob̊əɾ well
coma komə indifferent
comann komən̴̪ society
ogha o.ə nephew
bodhar b̊o.əɾ deaf
loisg ɫ̪oʃg̊ʲ to burn

 

Long ó/(ói)
like <o> in <owe> in Scottish English
   [oː]
b̊oː cow
koː who
mór moːɾ big
Mórag moːɾag̊ Morag
móran moːɾan a lot
fóghnaidh foːnɪ will suffice
cóig koːg̊ʲ five
móir moːɾʲ big (genitive)

 Download fuaimreag09

Short u/ui/iu
like <oo> in <took> only short
   [u]
ubh u egg
dubh d̪̊u black
muc muʰk pig
rug r̴ug̊ grabbed
thug hug̊ gave
bun b̊un bottom
cupa kuʰpə cup
luchd ɫ̪uxg̊ people
cuir kuɾʲ to put
cuilean kulan puppy
tuit t̪uʰtʲ to fall
fliuch flux wet
siubhal ʃu.əɫ̪ walking

 

Long ù/ùi/iù/iùi/(u)/io
like <oo> in <cool>
   [uː]
ùr uːɾ new
kuː dog
cùl kuːɫ̪ rear
dùn d̪̊uːn fortress
rùn r̴uːn secret
bùth b̊uː shop
crùbag