Habemus infinitivum necne - Eachdraidh nam mùthaidhean

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2024-09-04T17:14:15Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2024-05-10T12:25:18Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2024-05-10T12:20:18Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* Miss, miss! */

2023-09-08T17:10:28Z

Miss, miss!

Akerbeltz: /* Get to the darned infinitive already */

2023-09-08T17:09:20Z

Get to the darned infinitive already

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2023-01-10T11:05:59Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2023-01-10T11:05:08Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2023-01-10T11:02:40Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2023-01-10T11:02:30Z

So what about other languages then?

Akerbeltz: /* So what about other languages then? */

2023-01-10T11:01:13Z

So what about other languages then?

@@ Loidhne 44: / Loidhne 44: @@
 But native speakers tend to see these as independent words, not some form of inflection of <span style="color: #6600CC;">''sāang''</span>.
-And then there are languages which entertain neither concept. Many Native American languages have nothing even vaguely approaching an English infinitive.  They use a system where there is no such thing as an un-inflected verb. You might ask, what happens in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language Lakhóta] dictionary? No sweat. Lakhóta considers the most basic form of a verb to be the 3rd person singular. So, while an English dictionary will list ''(to) sing'', Lakhóta will list <span style="color: #6600CC;">lowáŋ</span> "he/she/it sings". Because if you look at the whole shebang, you'll see this is the form with the least amount of 'bits' stuck on:
+And then there are languages which entertain neither concept. Many Native American languages have nothing even vaguely approaching an English infinitive and indeed have no such thing as an un-inflected verb at all. You might ask, what happens in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language Lakhóta] dictionary? No sweat. Lakhóta considers the most basic form of a verb to be the 3rd person singular. So, while an English dictionary will list ''(to) sing'', Lakhóta will list <span style="color: #6600CC;">lowáŋ</span> "he/she/it sings". Because if you look at the whole shebang, you'll see this is the form with the least amount of 'bits' stuck on:
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 |-

@@ Loidhne 93: / Loidhne 93: @@
 |-
 | <span style="color: #008000;">ghearras</span>
-| to form the relative future of a verb beginning with b/c/d/g/m/p/s/t, lenite the initial letter and add <span style="color: #008000;">-(e)as</span> at the end and because <span style="color: #008000;">-eàrr-</span> is now followed by a vowel, it shortens to <span style="color: #008000;">-earr</span>
+| to form the relative future of a verb beginning with b/c/d/g/m/p/s/t, lenite the initial letter and add <span style="color: #008000;">-(e)as</span> at the end and because <span style="color: #008000;">-eàrr-</span> is now followed by a vowel, it shortens to <span style="color: #008000;">-earr-</span>
 |-
 | <span style="color: #008000;">ghearramaid</span>
-| to form the conditional of a verb beginning with b/c/d/g/m/p/s/t, lenite the initial letter and add <span style="color: #008000;">-(e)amaid</span> at the end and because <span style="color: #008000;">-eàrr-</span> is now followed by a vowel, it shortens to <span style="color: #008000;">-earr</span>
+| to form the conditional of a verb beginning with b/c/d/g/m/p/s/t, lenite the initial letter and add <span style="color: #008000;">-(e)amaid</span> at the end and because <span style="color: #008000;">-eàrr-</span> is now followed by a vowel, it shortens to <span style="color: #008000;">-earr-</span>
 |-
 | <span style="color: #008000;">geàrrte</span>

@@ Loidhne 22: / Loidhne 22: @@
 | perfective with focus on present state || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''咗''' kéuih sāaang '''jó'''</span>
 |-
-| || she gave birth (in the past)
+| || he/she/it birth PERF<br>she gave birth (in the past)
 |-
 | perfective with focus on completion || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''完''' kéuih sāang '''yùhn'''</span>
 |-
-| || she gave birth (and she's done with giving birth)
+| || he/she/it birth over<br>she gave birth (and she's done with giving birth)
 |-
 | experiential || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''過''' kéuih sāang '''gwo'''</span>
 |-
-| || she has given birth (so she knows what it's like)
+| || he/she/it birth go.past<br>she has given birth (so she knows what it's like)
 |-
 | progressive || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''緊''' kéuih sāang '''gán'''</span>
 |-
-| || she is giving birth (right now)
+| || he/she/it birth PROG<br> she is giving birth (right now)
 |-
 | continuative || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''落去''' kéuih sāang '''lohk heui'''</span>
 |-
-| || she is still giving birth (i.e. she has been in labour for a long time)
+| || he/she/it birth down go.away<br> she is still giving birth (i.e. she has been in labour for a long time)
 |-
 |}

@@ Loidhne 214: / Loidhne 214: @@
 | <span style="color: #008000;">Dh'fhalbh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">iad</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">a</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Bheàrnaraigh</span> ||
 |-
-| PAST.leave || they || to'''(wards)''' || speaking ||
+| PAST.leave || they || to'''(wards)''' || Berneray ||
 |-
 | colspan="5" | They went to'''(wards)''' Berneray

@@ Loidhne 138: / Loidhne 138: @@
 |}
-You're probably already comfortable with that construction, so just swap the <span style="color: #008000;">bhualadh</span> with a place name or event, for example:
+You're probably already comfortable with that construction if we swap the <span style="color: #008000;">bhualadh</span> with a place name or event, for example:
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 |-

@@ Loidhne 20: / Loidhne 20: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| perfective with focus on present state || <span style="color: #6600CC;">生'''咗''' sāaang '''jó'''</span>
+| perfective with focus on present state || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''咗''' kéuih sāaang '''jó'''</span>
 |-
-| || I gave birth (in the past)
+| || she gave birth (in the past)
 |-
-| perfective with focus on completion || <span style="color: #6600CC;">生'''完''' sāang '''yùhn'''</span>
+| perfective with focus on completion || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''完''' kéuih sāang '''yùhn'''</span>
 |-
-| || I gave birth (and I'm done with giving birth)
+| || she gave birth (and she's done with giving birth)
 |-
-| experiential || <span style="color: #6600CC;">生'''過''' sāang '''gwo'''</span>
+| experiential || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''過''' kéuih sāang '''gwo'''</span>
 |-
-| || I have given birth (so I know what it's like)
+| || she has given birth (so she knows what it's like)
 |-
-| progressive || <span style="color: #6600CC;">生'''緊''' sāang '''gán'''</span>
+| progressive || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''緊''' kéuih sāang '''gán'''</span>
 |-
-| || I am giving birth (right now)
+| || she is giving birth (right now)
 |-
-| continuative || <span style="color: #6600CC;">生'''落去''' sāang '''lohk heui'''</span>
+| continuative || <span style="color: #6600CC;">佢生'''落去''' kéuih sāang '''lohk heui'''</span>
 |-
-| || keep giving birth
+| || she keeps giving birth
 |-
 |}

@@ Loidhne 17: / Loidhne 17: @@
 ==So what about other languages then?==
 Depends. Some languages outside the Indo-European family entertain the idea of an infinitive. Others go even further and do not inflect at all - such as Cantonese where the verb <span style="color: #6600CC;">生</span> (<span style="color: #6600CC;">''sāang''</span> "to give birth") does not change at all, and it can also be a noun.  As a verb, it takes no endings, no prefixes, no suffixes, no he/she/it -s ... nothing like that. You can add particles after a verb
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