Lenition and why that is your mother's fault - Eachdraidh nam mùthaidhean

Akerbeltz 09:59, 22 dhen Iuchar 2023

2023-07-22T09:59:06Z

Akerbeltz: /* The Celtic twist */

2022-02-02T12:31:44Z

The Celtic twist

Akerbeltz: /* The Celtic twist */

2022-02-02T12:30:42Z

The Celtic twist

Akerbeltz 12:29, 11 dhen t-Sultain 2019

2019-09-11T12:29:22Z

Akerbeltz: /* Why oh why do we lenite? */

2018-06-15T21:37:32Z

Why oh why do we lenite?

Akerbeltz: Akerbeltz moved page Lenition and why that is your mothers fault to Lenition and why that is your mother's fault

2018-06-15T21:36:39Z

Akerbeltz moved page Lenition and why that is your mothers fault to Lenition and why that is your mother's fault

Akerbeltz: /* Consonant Clusters */

2017-11-01T12:25:33Z

Consonant Clusters

Seall na mùthaidhean

Akerbeltz: /* "Normal" Lenition */

2017-11-01T12:21:55Z

"Normal" Lenition

Akerbeltz 12:19, 1 dhen t-Samhain 2017

2017-11-01T12:19:11Z

Akerbeltz 12:18, 1 dhen t-Samhain 2017

2017-11-01T12:18:45Z

@@ Loidhne 327: / Loidhne 327: @@
 |}
 Contrary to popular belief, /Lʲ/, /N/, /Nʲ/ and /R/ can be lenited in Gaelic, even though the orthography does not reflect that. For the lenition of these sounds, check the section on [[Liquids or - L N R in Gaelic|Liquids]].
 <br />
 <br />
 {{BeaganGramair}}

@@ Loidhne 151: / Loidhne 151: @@
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">ind fer</span> || the man || Look familiar? Lose the <span style="color: #000080;">-d
 |-
-| <span style="color: #6600CC;">in fer</span> || the man || Change the spelling and the sounds a bit like
+| <span style="color: #6600CC;">in fer</span> || the man || Change the spelling and the sounds a bit like ...
 |-
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">an fear</span> || the man || And now Gaelic assimilates the <span style="color: #6600CC;">an</span> to <span style="color: #6600CC;">am</span>
@@ Loidhne 172: / Loidhne 172: @@
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">ind bhen</span> || the woman || Look vaguely familiar? Now we lose the<span style="color: #000080;">d-</span>
 |-
-| <span style="color: #6600CC;">in bhen</span> || the woman || change the spelling and it sounds a bit like
+| <span style="color: #6600CC;">in bhen</span> || the woman || change the spelling and it sounds a bit like ...
 |-
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">an bhean</span> || the woman || Irish! Gaelic now loses the <span style="color: #000080;">-n</span> (and changes the meaning slightly from the woman to the wife)

@@ Loidhne 147: / Loidhne 147: @@
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">sind-os fer-os</span> || the man || Two consonants, so nothing happened, but the <span style="color: #6600CC;">s-</span> was lost at some point in history
 |-
-| <span style="color: #6600CC;">ind-os fer-os</span> || the man || The we lost the endings
+| <span style="color: #6600CC;">ind-os fer-os</span> || the man || Then we lost the endings
 |-
 | <span style="color: #6600CC;">ind fer</span> || the man || Look familiar? Lose the <span style="color: #000080;">-d

@@ Loidhne 301: / Loidhne 301: @@
 | <span style="color: #008000;">pr</span> (slender) || /prʲ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">phr</span> || /frʲ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mo phreas</span> || /mə frʲes/
 |-
-| <span style="color: #008000;">sl</span> (broad) || /sL/ || <span style="color: #008000;">shl</span> || /L/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mo sluagh</span> || /mə Luəɣ/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">sl</span> (broad) || /sL/ || <span style="color: #008000;">shl</span> || /L/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mo shluagh</span> || /mə Luəɣ/
 |-
 | <span style="color: #008000;">sl</span> (slender) || /ʃLʲ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">shl</span> || /l/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mo shlighe</span> || /mə li.ə/

@@ Loidhne 9: / Loidhne 9: @@
 Funnily enough, this also applies to vowels and consonants.  Consonants are (in articulatory terms) tricky bastards with a lot of things having to get shifted around (anything from your lips to your pharynx) and held in place, whereas vowels are relatively simple things - just move your tongue a bit this way or that way and you have it.
-So when you speed up your speech and have a consonant between vowels, it tries to become more like a vowel. The first thing it loses is the closure that many consonants have, such as a [p].  Notice that your lips close up for a moment.  Over time, it moves towards even easier articulation, towards becoming a fricative, an [f], in the case of [p], which is still a consonant but "easier" to say because less mouth movement is involved. This is revealed by the change from the Germanic *<span style="color: #6600CC;">apōn</span> > English ape, but German <span style="color: #6600CC;">Affe</span>. There may be many intermediate stages, but eventually the consonant either became a vowel or it disappeared altogether. Prove it? Easy. Look at the word for ''mother'' in the Indo-European languages and how it developed from ancient Indo-European to our ancestor languages to the modern day ones - watch out for the '''t''':
+So when you speed up your speech and have a consonant between vowels, it tries to become more like a vowel. The first thing it loses is the closure that many consonants have, such as a [p].  Notice that your lips close up for a moment.  Over time, it moves towards even easier articulation, towards becoming a fricative, an [f], in the case of [p], which is still a consonant but "easier" to say because less mouth movement is involved. This is revealed by the change from the Germanic *<span style="color: #6600CC;">apōn</span> > English ''ape'', but German <span style="color: #6600CC;">Affe</span>. There may be many intermediate stages, but eventually the consonant either became a vowel or it disappeared altogether. Prove it? Easy. Look at the word for ''mother'' in the Indo-European languages and how it developed from ancient Indo-European to our ancestor languages to the modern day ones - watch out for the '''t''':
 {| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"

← Mùthadh nas sine	Mùthadh on 21:36, 15 dhen Ògmhios 2018
(Gun diofar eatarra)

@@ Loidhne 197: / Loidhne 197: @@
 ! align="left" | Example in IPA
 |-
-| b (broad) || bh || /v/ || <span style="color: #008000;">bàta</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo bhàta</span> || /mə vaːhdə/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">b</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">bh</span> || /v/ || <span style="color: #008000;">bàta</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo bhàta</span> || /mə vaːhdə/
 |-
-| b (slender) || bh || /v/ or /vj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">beul</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo bheul</span> || /mə viaL/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">b</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">bh</span> || /v/ or /vj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">beul</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo bheul</span> || /mə viaL/
 |-
-| c (broad) || ch || /x/ || <span style="color: #008000;">cù</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo chù</span> || /mə xuː/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">c</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">ch</span> || /x/ || <span style="color: #008000;">cù</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo chù</span> || /mə xuː/
 |-
-| c (slender) || ch || /ç/ || <span style="color: #008000;">cìs</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo chìs</span> || /mə çiːʃ/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">c</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">ch</span> || /ç/ || <span style="color: #008000;">cìs</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo chìs</span> || /mə çiːʃ/
 |-
-| d (broad) || dh || /ɣ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">doras</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo dhoras</span> || /mə ɣɔɾəs/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">d</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">dh</span> || /ɣ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">doras</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo dhoras</span> || /mə ɣɔɾəs/
 |-
-| d (slender) || dh || /ʝ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">dìth</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo dhìth</span> || /mə ʝiː/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">d</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">dh</span> || /ʝ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">dìth</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo dhìth</span> || /mə ʝiː/
 |-
-| f (br. & sl.) || fh || - || <span style="color: #008000;">fuil</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">m' fhuil</span> || /mul/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">f</span> (br. & sl.) || <span style="color: #008000;">fh</span> || - || <span style="color: #008000;">fuil</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">m' fhuil</span> || /mul/
 |-
-| g (broad) || gh || /ɣ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">gob</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo ghob</span> || /mə ɣob/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">g</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">gh</span> || /ɣ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">gob</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo ghob</span> || /mə ɣob/
 |-
-| g (slender) || gh || /ʝ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">gille</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo ghille</span> || /mə ʝiLʲe/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">g</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">gh</span> || /ʝ/ || <span style="color: #008000;">gille</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo ghille</span> || /mə ʝiLʲe/
 |-
-| m (broad) || mh || /v/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mac</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo mhac</span> || /mə vaxg
+| <span style="color: #008000;">m</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">mh</span> || /v/ || <span style="color: #008000;">mac</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo mhac</span> || /mə vaxg
 |-
-| m (slender) || mh || /v/ or /vj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">meas</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo mheas</span> || /mə vɛs/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">m</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">mh</span> || /v/ or /vj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">meas</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo mheas</span> || /mə vɛs/
 |-
-| p (broad) || ph || /f/ || <span style="color: #008000;">pòg</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo phòg</span> || /mə fɔːg/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">p</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">ph</span> || /f/ || <span style="color: #008000;">pòg</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo phòg</span> || /mə fɔːg/
 |-
-| p (slender) || ph || /f/ or /fj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo phiuthar</span> || /mə fju.ər/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">p</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">ph</span> || /f/ or /fj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo phiuthar</span> || /mə fju.ər/
 |-
-| s (broad) || sh || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">solas</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo sholas</span> || /mə hɔLəs/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">s</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">sh</span> || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">solas</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo sholas</span> || /mə hɔLəs/
 |-
-| s (slender) || sh || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">seanag</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo sheanag</span> || /mə hɛnag/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">s</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">sh</span> || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">seanag</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo sheanag</span> || /mə hɛnag/
 |-
-| t (broad) || th || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">tobar</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo thobar</span> || /mə hɔbər/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">t</span> (broad) || <span style="color: #008000;">th</span> || /h/ || <span style="color: #008000;">tobar</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo thobar</span> || /mə hɔbər/
 |-
-| t (slender) || th || /h/ or /hj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">teanga</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo theanga</span> || /mə hɛŋgə/
+| <span style="color: #008000;">t</span> (slender) || <span style="color: #008000;">th</span> || /h/ or /hj/ || <span style="color: #008000;">teanga</span> » <span style="color: #008000;">mo theanga</span> || /mə hɛŋgə/
 |-
 |}

@@ Loidhne 12: / Loidhne 12: @@
 {| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"
-! colspan="6" | mā'''t'''ēr<br />(Indoeuropean)
+! colspan="6" | *<span style="color: #6600CC;">mā'''t'''ēr</span><br />(Indoeuropean)
 |-
 | width="16%" | Celtic

@@ Loidhne 40: / Loidhne 40: @@
+|
+|
-| bgcolor="#FFBA43" | ma'''c'''er</span><br />(Tocharian)
+| bgcolor="#FFBA43" | <span style="color: #6600CC;">ma'''c'''er</span><br />(Tocharian)
 |-
+|