An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "B' àill leibh or fast speech 2"
Loidhne 1: | Loidhne 1: | ||
− | In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds | + | In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds. Speed and informality particularly affect the weak sounds, like schwas, which go the way that all schwas go - away. |
− | + | Of course, there's another dimension to this. All languages do this and the reduced forms are called truncated forms. Essentially, that means that you chop part of a word off because people sense it's too long for speaking fast. | |
So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones: | So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones: | ||
Loidhne 23: | Loidhne 23: | ||
In particular the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> is only pronounced as [əɡ] and in fast speech it generally drops out completely. The only exceptions to this are ag before <span style="color: #008000;">r</span>, where the [g] gets fused to the <span style="color: #008000;">r</span>; and before vowels where it latches onto the vowel: <span style="color: #008000;">ag ràdh</span> ⇨ [ə'graː]; <span style="color: #008000;">ag ionnsachadh</span> [ə'gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. If it comes before a vowel it generally assumes the quality of the vowel, i.e. if it comes before <span style="color: #008000;">e/i</span> it becomes slender, before <span style="color: #008000;">a/u/o</span> it stays broad: <span style="color: #008000;">tha mi 'g ionnsachadh</span> [ha mi gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. | In particular the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> is only pronounced as [əɡ] and in fast speech it generally drops out completely. The only exceptions to this are ag before <span style="color: #008000;">r</span>, where the [g] gets fused to the <span style="color: #008000;">r</span>; and before vowels where it latches onto the vowel: <span style="color: #008000;">ag ràdh</span> ⇨ [ə'graː]; <span style="color: #008000;">ag ionnsachadh</span> [ə'gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. If it comes before a vowel it generally assumes the quality of the vowel, i.e. if it comes before <span style="color: #008000;">e/i</span> it becomes slender, before <span style="color: #008000;">a/u/o</span> it stays broad: <span style="color: #008000;">tha mi 'g ionnsachadh</span> [ha mi gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. | ||
− | And before anyone asks - I'm not suggesting you hand in your school essays with forms like <nowiki>*</nowiki><span style="color: #008000;">gionnsachadh</span> | + | And before anyone asks - I'm not suggesting you hand in your school essays with forms like <nowiki>*</nowiki><span style="color: #008000;">gionnsachadh</span>. I'm just showing how the spoken language works. |
− | Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing | + | Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing in Manx (never mind the spelling)is that the <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> has fused to the verbal noun in all cases, or dropped out before consonants altogether, or even eclipsed them!. The second column is showing IPA because Manx spelling boggles the mind just a bit, but here are the kind of things you get: |
{| style="width: 40%;" border="0" align="center" | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" align="center" |
Mùthadh on 08:39, 2 dhen Lùnastal 2013
In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds. Speed and informality particularly affect the weak sounds, like schwas, which go the way that all schwas go - away.
Of course, there's another dimension to this. All languages do this and the reduced forms are called truncated forms. Essentially, that means that you chop part of a word off because people sense it's too long for speaking fast.
So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones:
carson | ⇨ | con | ||
urrainn | ⇨ | urra | ||
a bheil | ⇨ | bheil | ⇨ | eil |
chan eil | ⇨ | 'n eil [Nʲel] | ||
càite | ⇨ | càit | ⇨ | cà |
ag | ⇨ | a' | ⇨ | nothing |
In particular the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the ag is only pronounced as [əɡ] and in fast speech it generally drops out completely. The only exceptions to this are ag before r, where the [g] gets fused to the r; and before vowels where it latches onto the vowel: ag ràdh ⇨ [ə'graː]; ag ionnsachadh [ə'gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. If it comes before a vowel it generally assumes the quality of the vowel, i.e. if it comes before e/i it becomes slender, before a/u/o it stays broad: tha mi 'g ionnsachadh [ha mi gʲũːNsəxəɣ].
And before anyone asks - I'm not suggesting you hand in your school essays with forms like *gionnsachadh. I'm just showing how the spoken language works.
Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing in Manx (never mind the spelling)is that the ag has fused to the verbal noun in all cases, or dropped out before consonants altogether, or even eclipsed them!. The second column is showing IPA because Manx spelling boggles the mind just a bit, but here are the kind of things you get:
Manx | IPA | Gaelic equivalant |
---|---|---|
t'eh janoo | [tiː dʲenu] | tha e a' dèanamh |
t'eh tuittym | [tiː toʒəm] | tha e a' tuiteam |
t'eh fuirraght | [tiː fuɾax] | tha e a' fuireach |
t'eh markiagh | [tiː maːkax] | tha e a' marcachd |
t'eh çhyndaa | [tiː tʲinˈdɛː] | tha e a' tionndadh |
t'eh çheet | [tiː tʲit] | tha e a' tighinn |
t'eh chaghlaa | [tiː kaxˈlɛː] | tha e a' caochladh |
t'eh keayney | [tiː keːnˈi] | tha e a' caoineadh |
t'eh gee | [tiː gˈiː] | tha e ag ithe |
t'eh ginsh | [tiː gʲinʃ] | tha e ag innse |
t'eh gynsaghey | [tiː genzax] | tha e ag ionnsachadh |
t'eh faagail | [tiː fəˈgeːl] | tha e a' fàgail |
Gaelg dy liooar, that's gu leòr this side of the Irish Sea - back to Gaelic.
Beagan gràmair | ||||||||||||
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