An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "B' àill leibh or fast speech 2"
(14 mùthaidhean eadar-mheadhanach le 2 chleachdaiche eile nach eil 14 'gan sealltainn) | |||
Loidhne 1: | Loidhne 1: | ||
− | In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds | + | In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds. Speed and informality particularly affect the weak sounds, like schwas, which go the way that all schwas go - away. |
− | + | Of course, there's another dimension to this. All languages do this and the reduced forms are called truncated forms. Essentially, that means that you chop part of a word off because people sense it's too long for speaking fast. | |
So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones: | So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones: | ||
Loidhne 7: | Loidhne 7: | ||
{| style="width: 30%;" border="0" align="center" | {| style="width: 30%;" border="0" align="center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | carson || ⇨ || con || || | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">carson</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">con</span> || || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | urrainn || ⇨ || urra || || | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">urrainn</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">urra</span> || || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | a bheil || ⇨ || bheil || ⇨ || eil | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">a bheil</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">bheil</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">eil</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | chan eil || ⇨ || 'n eil [Nʲel] || || | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">chan eil</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">'n eil</span> [Nʲel] || || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | càite || ⇨ || càit || ⇨ || cà | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">càite</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">càit</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">cà</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | ag || ⇨ || a' || ⇨ || nothing | + | | <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> || ⇨ || <span style="color: #008000;">a'</span> || ⇨ || nothing |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | In particular the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the ag is only pronounced as [ | + | In particular, the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> is only pronounced as [əg] and in fast speech it generally drops out completely. One exception to this arises where <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> comes before <span style="color: #008000;">r</span> which causes the [g] to become fused to the <span style="color: #008000;">r</span>: <span style="color: #008000;">ag ràdh</span> ⇨ [ə'graː]. Another exception surfaces before vowels where [g] latches onto the vowel: <span style="color: #008000;">ag ionnsachadh</span> [ə'gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. When <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> comes before a vowel it generally anticipates the quality of the vowel that's about to follow. That's to say, if it comes before <span style="color: #008000;">e/i</span> the [g] becomes slender: <span style="color: #008000;">tha mi 'g ionnsachadh</span> [ha mi gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. If it anticipates <span style="color: #008000;">a/u/o</span>, the [g] stays broad: <span style="color: #008000;">tha mi 'g atharrachadh</span> [ha mi gahəRəxəɣ]. |
− | |||
− | Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing | + | |
+ | And before anyone asks - I'm not suggesting you hand in your school essays with forms like <nowiki>*</nowiki><span style="color: #008000;">gionnsachadh</span>. I'm just showing how the spoken language works. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing in Manx (never mind the spelling) is that the <span style="color: #008000;">ag</span> has fused to the verbal noun in all cases, or dropped out before consonants altogether, or even eclipsed them!. The second column is showing IPA because Manx spelling boggles the mind just a bit, but here are the kind of things you get: | ||
{| style="width: 40%;" border="0" align="center" | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" align="center" | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh janoo || [tiː dʲenu] || tha e a' dèanamh | + | | '''Manx''' || '''IPA''' || '''Gaelic equivalent''' |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh janoo</span> || [tiː dʲenu] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' dèanamh</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh tuittym || [tiː toʒəm] || tha e a' tuiteam | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh tuittym</span> || [tiː toʒəm] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' tuiteam</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh fuirraght || [tiː fuɾax] || tha e a' fuireach | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh fuirraght</span> || [tiː fuɾax] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' fuireach</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh markiagh || [tiː maːkax] || tha e a' marcachd | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh markiagh</span> || [tiː maːkax] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' marcachd</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh çhyndaa || [tiː tʲinˈdɛː] || tha e a' tionndadh | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh çhyndaa</span> || [tiː tʲinˈdɛː] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' tionndadh</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh çheet || [tiː tʲit] || tha e a' tighinn | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh çheet</span> || [tiː tʲit] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' tighinn</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh chaghlaa || [tiː kaxˈlɛː] || tha e a' caochladh | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh chaghlaa</span> || [tiː kaxˈlɛː] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' caochladh</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh keayney || [tiː keːnˈi] || tha e a' caoineadh | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh keayney</span> || [tiː keːnˈi] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' caoineadh</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh gee || [tiː gˈiː] || tha e ag ithe | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh gee</span> || [tiː gˈiː] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e ag ithe</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh ginsh || [tiː gʲinʃ] || tha e ag innse | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh ginsh</span> || [tiː gʲinʃ] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e ag innse</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh gynsaghey || [tiː genzax] || tha e ag ionnsachadh | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh gynsaghey</span> || [tiː genzax] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e ag ionnsachadh</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | | t'eh faagail || [tiː fəˈgeːl] || tha e a' fàgail | + | | <span style="color: #6600CC;">t'eh faagail</span> || [tiː fəˈgeːl] || <span style="color: #008000;">tha e a' fàgail</span> |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | Gaelg dy liooar, that's gu leòr this side of the Irish Sea - back to Gaelic. | + | <span style="color: #6600CC;">Gaelg dy liooar</span>, that's <span style="color: #008000;">''gu leòr''</span> this side of the Irish Sea - back to Gaelic. |
<br /> | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
{{BeaganGramair}} | {{BeaganGramair}} |
Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 02:14, 5 dhen Lùnastal 2013
In the first part, we looked a little bit at the way in which speaking fast and informally affects the sounds. Speed and informality particularly affect the weak sounds, like schwas, which go the way that all schwas go - away.
Of course, there's another dimension to this. All languages do this and the reduced forms are called truncated forms. Essentially, that means that you chop part of a word off because people sense it's too long for speaking fast.
So what can we chop in Gaelic? Here's a non-exhaustive list of very common ones:
carson | ⇨ | con | ||
urrainn | ⇨ | urra | ||
a bheil | ⇨ | bheil | ⇨ | eil |
chan eil | ⇨ | 'n eil [Nʲel] | ||
càite | ⇨ | càit | ⇨ | cà |
ag | ⇨ | a' | ⇨ | nothing |
In particular, the last one is important as a lot of learners get it wrong. Even at the best of times, the ag is only pronounced as [əg] and in fast speech it generally drops out completely. One exception to this arises where ag comes before r which causes the [g] to become fused to the r: ag ràdh ⇨ [ə'graː]. Another exception surfaces before vowels where [g] latches onto the vowel: ag ionnsachadh [ə'gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. When ag comes before a vowel it generally anticipates the quality of the vowel that's about to follow. That's to say, if it comes before e/i the [g] becomes slender: tha mi 'g ionnsachadh [ha mi gʲũːNsəxəɣ]. If it anticipates a/u/o, the [g] stays broad: tha mi 'g atharrachadh [ha mi gahəRəxəɣ].
And before anyone asks - I'm not suggesting you hand in your school essays with forms like *gionnsachadh. I'm just showing how the spoken language works.
Here comes the rambling bit: the fascinating thing in Manx (never mind the spelling) is that the ag has fused to the verbal noun in all cases, or dropped out before consonants altogether, or even eclipsed them!. The second column is showing IPA because Manx spelling boggles the mind just a bit, but here are the kind of things you get:
Manx | IPA | Gaelic equivalent |
t'eh janoo | [tiː dʲenu] | tha e a' dèanamh |
t'eh tuittym | [tiː toʒəm] | tha e a' tuiteam |
t'eh fuirraght | [tiː fuɾax] | tha e a' fuireach |
t'eh markiagh | [tiː maːkax] | tha e a' marcachd |
t'eh çhyndaa | [tiː tʲinˈdɛː] | tha e a' tionndadh |
t'eh çheet | [tiː tʲit] | tha e a' tighinn |
t'eh chaghlaa | [tiː kaxˈlɛː] | tha e a' caochladh |
t'eh keayney | [tiː keːnˈi] | tha e a' caoineadh |
t'eh gee | [tiː gˈiː] | tha e ag ithe |
t'eh ginsh | [tiː gʲinʃ] | tha e ag innse |
t'eh gynsaghey | [tiː genzax] | tha e ag ionnsachadh |
t'eh faagail | [tiː fəˈgeːl] | tha e a' fàgail |
Gaelg dy liooar, that's gu leòr this side of the Irish Sea - back to Gaelic.
Beagan gràmair | ||||||||||||
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