An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "Expressions of Time"

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(27 mùthadh eadar-mheadhanach le 2 chleachdaiche eile nach eil 27 'gan sealltainn)
Loidhne 1: Loidhne 1:
−
Temporal adverbial expressions - or how to say when something happened. Let's take a look at what choices we have to start with:
+
Temporal adverbial expressions - or how to say when something happened. To start, let's take a look at the choices we have:
  
 
==Adverbs of Time==
 
==Adverbs of Time==
Loidhne 6: Loidhne 6:
 
{| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"
 
{| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a-bhòn-uiridh || an-uiridh || am bliadhna || an ath bhliadhna|| — || —
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhòn-uiridh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-uiridh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">am bliadhna</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an ath-bhliadhna</span><sup>1</sup>|| — || —
 
|-
 
|-
 
| the year before last || last year || this year || next year|| — || —
 
| the year before last || last year || this year || next year|| — || —
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a-bhòin-dé || an-dé || an-diugh || a-màireach || an-earar || an-eararais
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhòin-dé</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-dé</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-diugh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">a-màireach</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-earar</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-eararais</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| the day before yesterday || yesterday || today || tomorrow || the day after tomorrow||three days from now
 
| the day before yesterday || yesterday || today || tomorrow || the day after tomorrow||three days from now
 
|-
 
|-
−
| — || an-raoir || a-nochd || an ath oidhche|| — || —
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhòn-raoir</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-raoir</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">a-nochd</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an ath-oidhche</span>|| — || —
 
|-
 
|-
−
| — || last night || tonight || tomorrow night || — || —
+
| the night before last || last night || tonight || tomorrow night || — || —
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
<sup>1</sup>Note that in terms of pronunciation, this is treated as a close compound i.e. it is reduced to /ə'NafləN/ by native speakers and almost never */ə'Na vliəNə/
  
−
Now this does not mean that you cannot say <year after next> in Gaelic, it just means that there is no single, easy word for it.  Instead you have to employ periphrastic expressions.
+
This does not mean that you cannot say <year after next> in Gaelic, it just means that there is no single, easy word for it.  Instead you have to employ periphrastic expressions.
  
 
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center"
 
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| — || am bliadhna || an ath-bhliadhna
+
| — || <span style="color: #008000;">am bliadhna</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an ath-bhliadhna</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| — || this year || next year
 
| — || this year || next year
 
|-
 
|-
−
| — || a-nochd || an ath-oidhche
+
| — || <span style="color: #008000;">a-nochd</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an ath-oidhche</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| — || tonight || tomorrow night
 
| — || tonight || tomorrow night
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an t-seachdainn seo chaidh || an t-seachdainn-sa || an ath-sheachdain
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an t-seachdainn seo chaidh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an t-seachdainn-sa</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an ath-sheachdain</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| last week || this week || next week
 
| last week || this week || next week
Loidhne 42: Loidhne 43:
 
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center"
 
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| DiLuain || DiMàirt || DiCiadain || DiArdaoin || DihAoine || DiSathairne || DiDòmhnaich
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">DiLuain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiMàirt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiCiadain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiarDaoin</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DihAoine</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiSathairne</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Monday || Tuesday || Wednesday || Thursday || Friday || Saturday || Sunday
 
| Monday || Tuesday || Wednesday || Thursday || Friday || Saturday || Sunday
Loidhne 48: Loidhne 49:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Sunday is also called Latha na Sàbaid. Traditionally the usage between the two depends on your denomination - Catholics and Episcopalians using the DiDòmhnaich and Presbyterians Latha na Sàbaid.  For non-denominational reasons, we prefer DiDòmhnaich because it fits in with the rest of the paradigm.  Be sure to pronounce the long vowel in Sàbaid, otherwise it becomes Latha na Sabaid 'the Day of Fighting'.
+
Sunday is also called <span style="color: #008000;">Latha na Sàbaid</span>. Traditionally the usage between the two depends on your denomination. Catholics and Episcopalians use <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich</span> and Presbyterians use <span style="color: #008000;">Latha na Sàbaid</span>.  For non-denominational reasons, we prefer <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich</span> because it fits in with the rest of the paradigm.  Be sure to pronounce the long vowel in <span style="color: #008000;">Sàbaid</span>, otherwise it becomes <span style="color: #008000;">Latha na Sabaid</span>, 'the Day of Fighting'.
  
−
The prefix Di- is the equivalant of the English -day suffix.  Unlike in English however, it is the prefix that is modified to express the concepts of <Monday afternoon>, <Friday night> etc:
+
The prefix <span style="color: #008000;">Di-</span> is the equivalent of the English -day suffix.  However, unlike English, it's the prefix that's modified to express the concepts of <Monday afternoon>, <Friday night> etc:
  
 
{| style="width: 95%;" border="0" align="center"
 
{| style="width: 95%;" border="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| madainn Luain || madainn Mhàrt || madainn Chiadain || madainn Ardaoin || madainn hAoine || madainn Sathairne || madainnn Dòmhnaich
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">madainn Luain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainn Mhàrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainn Chiadain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainn arDaoin</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainn hAoine</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainn Sathairne</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">madainnn Dòmhnaich</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Monday morning || Tuesday morning || Wednesday morning || Thursday morning || Friday morning || Saturday morning || Sunday morning
 
| Monday morning || Tuesday morning || Wednesday morning || Thursday morning || Friday morning || Saturday morning || Sunday morning
 
|-
 
|-
−
| feasgar Luain || feasgar Màrt || feasgar Ciadain || feasgar Ardaoin || feasgar hAoine || feasgar Sathairne || feasgar Dòmhnaich
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar Luain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar Ciadain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar arDaoin</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar hAoine</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar Sathairne</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar Dòmhnaich</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Monday afternoon || Tuesday afternoon || Wednesday afternoon || Friday afternoon || Friday afternoon || Saturday afternoon || Sunday afternoon
+
| Monday afternoon || Tuesday afternoon || Wednesday afternoon || Thursday afternoon || Friday afternoon || Saturday afternoon || Sunday afternoon
 
|-
 
|-
−
| oidhche Luain || oidhche Mhàrt || oidhche Chiadain || oidhche Ardaoin || oidhche hAoine || oidhche Shathairne || oidhche Dhòmhnaich
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Luain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Mhàrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Chiadain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche arDaoin</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche hAoine</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Shathairne</span>|| <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Dhòmhnaich</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Monday night || Tuesday night || Wednesday night || Thursday night || Friday night || Saturday night || Sunday night
 
| Monday night || Tuesday night || Wednesday night || Thursday night || Friday night || Saturday night || Sunday night
Loidhne 68: Loidhne 69:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
That is the theory anyway ... in colloquial usage, you will often hear people saying things like Feasgar DihAoine, Madainn DiMàirt etc.  The most common ones in colloquial usage are the expressions with oidhche such as Oidhche Luain, Oidhche Mhàrt etc.
+
That's the theory anyway. But, in colloquial usage, you'll often hear people saying things like <span style="color: #008000;">feasgar DihAoine</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">madainn DiMàirt</span>, etc.  The most common ones in colloquial usage are the expressions with <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche</span> such as <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Luain</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">oidhche Mhàrt</span>, etc.
  
 
==The Months==
 
==The Months==
−
Genitives are given in square brackets.  For purposes of memorisation it is useful to note that from September onwards all months are feminine in gender!  There are alternate names for some of the months, but we strongly suggest you stick with the recommended ones.  Learning a language is difficult enough without having to worry about having 5 different choices for one term...
+
For memorisation purposes, it's useful to note that from September onwards all months are feminine in gender!  There are alternate names for some of the months, but we strongly suggest you stick with the recommended ones.  Learning a language is difficult enough without having to worry about having 5 different choices for one term.
  
 
{| style="width: 80%;"
 
{| style="width: 80%;"
Loidhne 77: Loidhne 78:
 
| Gaelic || Genitive || English || Alternate Names
 
| Gaelic || Genitive || English || Alternate Names
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  Am Faoilteach (masc.) || ... an Fhaoiltich || January || Am Faoilleach (an Fhaoillich); Mìos Marbh; Deireadh-Geamhraidh
+
|  <span style="color: #008000;">Am Faoilteach</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">an Fhaoiltich</span> || January || <span style="color: #008000;">Am Faoilleach (an Fhaoillich)</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Mìos Marbh</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Deireadh-Geamhraidh</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Gearran (masc.) || ... a' Ghearrain || February ||  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Gearran</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">a' Ghearrain</span> || February ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Am Màrt (masc.) || ... a' Mhàirt || March ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Am Màrt</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">a' Mhàirt</span> || March ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Giblean (masc.) || ... a' Ghiblein || April ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Giblean</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">a' Ghiblein</span> || April ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Céitean (masc) || ... a' Chéitein || May || A' Mhàigh (fem) (... na Màighe)
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Céitean</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">a' Chéitein</span> || May || <span style="color: #008000;">A' Mhàigh</span> (fem.) (... <span style="color: #008000;">na Màighe</span>)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An t-Ògmhios (masc) || ... an Ògmhiosa || June || Meadhan-Samhraidh
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An t-Ògmhios</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">an Ògmhiosa</span> || June || <span style="color: #008000;">Meadhan-Samhraidh</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An t-Iuchar (masc) || ...an Iuchair || July || Deireadh-Samhraidh; Mìos Buidhe
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An t-Iuchar</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">an Iuchair</span> || July || <span style="color: #008000;">Deireadh-Samhraidh</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Mìos Buidhe</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Lùnastal (masc) || ... an Lùnastail || August ||  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Lùnastal</span> (masc.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">an Lùnastail</span> || August ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An t-Sultain (fem) || ...na Sultaine || September ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An t-Sultain</span> (fem.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">na Sultaine</span> || September ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Dàmhair (fem) || ... na Dàmhair || October ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Dàmhair</span> (fem.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">na Dàmhair</span> || October ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An t-Samhain (fem) || ... na Samhna || November ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An t-Samhain</span> (fem.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">na Samhna</span> || November ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| An Dùbhlachd (fem) || ... na Dùbhlachd || December || Mìos na Nollaig
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">An Dùbhlachd</span> (fem.) || ... <span style="color: #008000;">na Dùbhlachd</span> || December || <span style="color: #008000;">Mìos na Nollaig</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
The date in Gaelic is given in the form of the Xth day of the [month].  A few examples:
+
The date in Gaelic is given in the form of ''the Xth day of the month''.  A few examples:
 
{| style="width: 40%"
 
{| style="width: 40%"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1st March || A' chiad latha dhen Mhàrt
+
| 1st March || <span style="color: #008000;">A' chiad latha dhen Mhàrt</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 24th June || An ceathramh latha ar fhichead dhen Ògmhios
+
| 24th June || <span style="color: #008000;">An ceathramh latha ar fhichead dhen Ògmhios</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 31st September || A' chiad latha deug ar fhichead dhen t-Sultain
+
| 31st September || <span style="color: #008000;">A' chiad latha deug ar fhichead dhen t-Sultain</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 22nd December || An dàrna latha ar fhichead dhen Dùbhlachd
+
| 22nd December || <span style="color: #008000;">An dàrna latha ar fhichead dhen Dùbhlachd</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Individual years are said by giving the 'hundreds' first and then the 'tens' (with is between the hundreds and the tens), for example:
+
Individual years are said by giving the 'hundreds' first and then the 'tens', for example:
  
 
{| style="width: 40%"
 
{| style="width: 40%"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1272 || dà cheud deug trì fichead is a dhà dheug
+
| 1272 || <span style="color: #008000;">dà cheud deug * trì fichead is a dhà dheug</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1817 || ochd ceud deug is seachd deug
+
| 1817 || <span style="color: #008000;">ochd ceud deug * is seachd deug</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || naoidh ceud deug ceithir fichead is a cóig deug
+
| 1995 || <span style="color: #008000;">naoidh ceud deug ceithir fichead * is a cóig deug</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || bliadhna dà mhìle
+
| 2000 || <span style="color: #008000;">bliadhna dà mhìle</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || dà mhìle is a trì
+
| 2003 || <span style="color: #008000;">dà mhìle * is a trì</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
B.C. and A.D. are expressed similarly to English as: R.C. (ro Chrìosd) and A.D. (as déidh Chrìosd), e.g. 347 B.C. is trì ceud dà fhichead is a seachd ro Chrìosd.  Optionally sa bhliadhna can be prefixed to any date for clarification, i.e. sa bhliadhna naoi ceud deug trì fichead is a ceithir <in the year 1964>.
+
Similar to English, B.C. and A.D. are expressed as <span style="color: #008000;">R.C.</span> standing for <span style="color: #008000;">ro Chrìosd</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">A.D.</span> standing for <span style="color: #008000;">as déidh Chrìosd</span>, for example,
 +
347 B.C. is <span style="color: #008000;">trì ceud dà fhichead is a seachd ro Chrìosd</span>.  Optionally, <span style="color: #008000;">sa bhliadhna</span> can be prefixed to any date for clarification, for example, <span style="color: #008000;">sa bhliadhna naoi ceud deug trì fichead is a ceithir</span> <in the year 1964>.
  
−
BCE?  No we don't as it's pointless - it still uses the same date as a reference point so it's no less "offensive" (???) that BC or AD and just adds to the confusion.
+
BCE?  No, we don't use it, because it's pointless. It still uses the same date as a reference point so it's no less "offensive" (???) than B.C. or A.D. and just adds to the confusion.
  
−
==The seasons==
+
==The Seasons==
−
The four seasons are expressed as follows (note that the short form of saying <in X> differs slightly from the long form!):
+
The four seasons are expressed as follows. Notice that the short form of saying <in X> differs slightly from the long form!:
  
 
{| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"
 
{| style="width: 70%;" border="0" align="center"
Loidhne 143: Loidhne 145:
 
| spring || summer || autumn || winter
 
| spring || summer || autumn || winter
 
|-
 
|-
−
| earrach (m)<br/>gen. & pl. earraich || samhradh (m)<br/>gen. samhraidh<br/>pl. samhraidhean || foghar (m)<br/>gen. foghair<br/>pl. foghairean || geamhradh (m)<br/>gen. geamhraidh<br/>pl. geamhraidhean
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">earrach</span> (m)<br/>gen. & pl. <span style="color: #008000;">earraich</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-samhradh</span> (m)<br/>gen. <span style="color: #008000;">samhraidh</span><br/>pl. <span style="color: #008000;">samhraidhean</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">foghar</span> (m)<br/>gen. <span style="color: #008000;">foghair</span><br/>pl. <span style="color: #008000;">foghairean</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">geamhradh</span> (m)<br/>gen. <span style="color: #008000;">geamhraidh</span><br/>pl. <span style="color: #008000;">geamhraidhean</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| in spring || in summer || in autumn || in winter
 
| in spring || in summer || in autumn || in winter
 
|-
 
|-
−
| as t-earrach || as t-samhradh || as t-fhoghar || anns a' gheamhradh
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">as t-earrach</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">as t-samhradh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">as t-fhoghar</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">anns a' gheamhradh</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| in the spring || in the summer || in the autumn || in the winter
 
| in the spring || in the summer || in the autumn || in the winter
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anns an earrach || anns an t-samhradh || anns an fhoghar || anns a' gheamhradh
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anns an earrach</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">anns an t-samhradh</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">anns an fhoghar</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">anns a' gheamhradh</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
==The Holidays of the Year==
 
==The Holidays of the Year==
−
Genitives are given in brackets. Note that while the word for day is normally ''latha'', in these special calendar dates this has shortened to ''Là''.
+
Note that while the word for day is normally ''<span style="color: #008000;">latha</span>'', in these special calendar dates this has shortened to ''<span style="color: #008000;">Là</span>''.
  
 
{| style="width: 90%;"
 
{| style="width: 90%;"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Faoi. 1 || Là na Bliadhna Ùire || New Year's Day || Callainn (fem) (...na Callainne); Nollaig Bheag (fem) (... na Nollaig Bige)
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Faoi. 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Bliadhna Ùire</span> || New Year's Day || <span style="color: #008000;">Callainn</span> (fem) (...<span style="color: #008000;">na Callainne</span>); <span style="color: #008000;">Nollaig Bheag</span> (fem.) (... <span style="color: #008000;">na Nollaig Bige</span>)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Faoi. 6 || Là nan Trì Rìgh || Epiphany || Là Fhéill nan Rìgh; Féill an Taisbeanaidh
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Faoi. 6</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là nan Trì Rìgh</span> || Epiphany || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill nan Rìgh</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Féill an Taisbeanaidh</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr. 2 || Là Fhéill Brìghde || Candlemas || Là Fhéill Brìghde nan Coinnlean; Là Féill Moire nan Coinnlean
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr. 2</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Brìghde</span> || Candlemas || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Brìghde nan Coinnlean</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Là Féill Moire nan Coinnlean</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr. 14 || Là Fhéill Bhaileintin || Valentine's Day ||  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr. 14</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Bhaileintin</span> || Valentine's Day ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr.|| Là na Bliadhna Ùire Sìnich || Chinese New Year ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr.</span>|| <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Bliadhna Ùire Sìnich</span> || Chinese New Year ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr. || DiMàirt Inid || Shrove Tuesday, Pancake Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiMàirt Inid</span> || Shrove Tuesday, Pancake Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr. || DiCiadain na Luaithre || Ash Wednesday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiCiadain na Luaithre</span> || Ash Wednesday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gearr. || An Carghas (masc)<br/>(... a' Charghais) || Lent ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gearr.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">An Carghas</span> (masc.)<br/>(... <span style="color: #008000;">a' Charghais</span>) || Lent ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt 1 || Là Dhàibhidh || St. David's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Dhàibhidh</span> || St. David's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || Là na Màthar || Mother's Day/Mothering Sunday
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Màthar</span> || Mother's Day/Mothering Sunday
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt 17 || Là Phàdraig || St. Patrick's Day || Là Fhéill Pàdraig
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt 17</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Phàdraig</span> || St. Patrick's Day || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Pàdraig</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || Seachdain na Càisge || Holy Week ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Seachdain na Càisge</span> || Holy Week ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || DiDòmhnaich Tùrnais || Palm Sunday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich Tùrnais</span> || Palm Sunday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || DiArdaoin a' Bhrochain Mhóir || Maundy Thursday || DiArdaoin Inid
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiArdaoin a' Bhrochain Mhóir</span> || Maundy Thursday || <span style="color: #008000;">DiArdaoin Inid</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || DihAoine na Ceusta || Good Friday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DihAoine na Ceusta</span> || Good Friday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || A' Chàisg (fem)<br/> (... na Càisge) || Easter ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">A' Chàisg</span> (fem.)<br/> (... <span style="color: #008000;">na Càisge</span>) || Easter ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || DiSathairne na Càisge || Easter Saturday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiSathairne na Càisge</span> || Easter Saturday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || A' Chàisg Mhór || Easter Sunday || Là Guileagan; Là Bàs nan Uighean; DiDòmhnaich na Càisge
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">A' Chàisg Mhór</span> || Easter Sunday || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Guileagain</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Là Bàs nan Uighean</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich na Càisge</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || DiLuain na Càisge || Easter Monday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiLuain na Càisge</span> || Easter Monday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Màrt || Co-fhad-tràth an Earraich || Vernal Equinox ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Màrt</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Co-fhad-tràth an Earraich</span> || Vernal Equinox ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gibl. 1 || Là na Gogaireachd || April Fool's Day || Là Ruith na Cuthaige
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gibl. 1 </span>|| <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Gogaireachd</span> || April Fool's Day || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Ruith na Cuthaige</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Gibl. 23 || Là Fhéill Seòrais || St. George's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Gibl. 23</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Seòrais</span> || St. George's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. 1 || Là Bealltainn || May Day/Beltane ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit. 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Bealltainn</span> || May Day/Beltane ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. || Deasghabhail (fem)<br/> (... na Deasghabhalach) || Ascension Day || DiArdaoin Freastail
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Deasghabhail</span> (fem.)<br/> (... <span style="color: #008000;">na Deasghabhalach</span>) || Ascension Day || <span style="color: #008000;">DiArdaoin Freastail</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. || Caingis (fem indef) || Pentecost/Whit Sunday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Caingis</span> (fem. indef.) || Pentecost/Whit Sunday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. || DiDòmhnaich na Trianaid || Trinity Sunday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich na Trianaid</span> || Trinity Sunday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. || DiArdaoin Corp Crìosda || Corpus Christi<br/>Transfiguration
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiArdaoin Corp Crìosda</span> || Corpus Christi<br/>Transfiguration
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Céit. || Là Fhéill an Earraich || Spring Bank Holiday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Céit.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill an Earraich</span> || Spring Bank Holiday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Ògmh. || Là an Athar || Father's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Ògmh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là an Athar</span> || Father's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Ògmh. 21 || Grianstad an t-Samhraidh<br/>Là Leth an t-Samhraidh || Summer Solstice<br/> Midsummer's Day
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Ògmh. 21</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Grianstad an t-Samhraidh<br/>Là Leth an t-Samhraidh</span> || Summer Solstice<br/> Midsummer's Day
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Iuch. 15 || Là Màrtainn Builg || St. Swithen's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Iuch. 15</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Màrtainn Builg</span> || St. Swithen's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Lùna. 1 || Lùghnasa || Lunasa (Harvest) ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Lùna. 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Lùghnasa</span> || Lunasa (Harvest) ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Lùna. || Là Fhéill an t-Samhraidh || Summer Bank Holiday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Lùna.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill an t-Samhraidh</span> || Summer Bank Holiday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Sult. || Co-fhad-tràth an Fhoghair || Autumnal Equinox ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Sult.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Co-fhad-tràth an Fhoghair</span> || Autumnal Equinox ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Damh. 31 || Oidhche Shamhna || All Souls' Day/Hallowe'en ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Damh. 31</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Oidhche Shamhna</span> || All Souls' Day/Hallowe'en ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Damh. 31<br/>Samh. 1 || Là Samhna || Samhain || Là Fhéill Samhna
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Damh. 31</span><br/><span style="color: #008000;">Samh. 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Samhna</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Samhain</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill Samhna</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. 1 || Là nan Uile Naomh || All Saints' Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh. 1</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là nan Uile Naomh</span> || All Saints' Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. 5 || Oidhche Ghuy Fawkes || Guy Fawkes' Night ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh. 5</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Oidhche Ghuy Fawkes</span> || Guy Fawkes' Night ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. 11 || Là nan Cuimhneachan || Rememberance Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh. 11</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là nan Cuimhneachan</span> || Rememberance Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. || DiDòmhnaich nan Cuimhneachan || Rememberance Sunday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">DiDòmhnaich nan Cuimhneachan</span> || Rememberance Sunday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. || Aidbheint (fem)<br/>(... na h-Aidmheint) || Advent ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Aidbheint</span> (fem.)<br/>(... <span style="color: #008000;">na h-Aidmheint</span>) || Advent ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. || A' Chiad Dòmhnaich dhen Aidmheint || Advent Sunday ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">A' Chiad Dòmhnaich dhen Aidmheint</span> || Advent Sunday ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. || Là na Taingealachd || Thanksgiving || Là Buidheachais an Fhoghair; Là Taingealachd an Fhoghair
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Taingealachd</span> || Thanksgiving || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Buidheachais an Fhoghair</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">Là Taingealachd an Fhoghair</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Samh. 30 || Là Chill Rìbhinn || St. Andrew's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Samh. 30</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Chill Rìbhinn</span> || St. Andrew's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 6 || Là Bodach na Nollaig || St. Nicholas' Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 6</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Bodach na Nollaig</span> || St. Nicholas' Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 21 || Grianstad a' Gheamhraidh || Winter Solstice ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 21</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Grianstad a' Gheamhraidh</span> || Winter Solstice ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. || An Nollaig (fem)<br/>(...na Nollaige) || Christmas
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh.</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">An Nollaig</span> (fem.)<br/>(...<span style="color: #008000;">na Nollaige</span>) || Christmas
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 24 || Oidhche nam Bannag || Christmas Eve || Oidhche na Nollaig
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 24</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Oidhche nam Bannag</span> || Christmas Eve || <span style="color: #008000;">Oidhche na Nollaig</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 25 || Là na Nollaig || Christmas Day || Là nam Bannag
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 25</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là na Nollaig</span> || Christmas Day || <span style="color: #008000;">Là nam Bannag</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 26 || || Boxing Day/St. Stephen's Day ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 26</span> || || Boxing Day/St. Stephen's Day ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 28 || Là Fhéill nan Leanabhan Neo-chiontach || Feast of the Holy Innocents  ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 28</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Là Fhéill nan Leanabhan Neoichiontach</span> || Feast of the Holy Innocents  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Dùbh. 31 || Oidhche Challainn || Hogmanay/New Year's Eve ||
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">Dùbh. 31</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">Oidhche Challainn</span> || Hogmanay/New Year's Eve ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 271: Loidhne 272:
 
Most adverbs are formed by the prepositon gu + ADJ, but there are a number of adverbs that have different formations:
 
Most adverbs are formed by the prepositon gu + ADJ, but there are a number of adverbs that have different formations:
  
−
{| style="width: 40%;"
+
{| style="width: 50%;"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a chaoidh || for ever (after)
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a chaoidh</span> || for ever (after)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a chlisgeadh || suddenly, abruptly
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a chlisgeadh</span> || suddenly, abruptly
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a dh'aithghearr || soon, in a short while
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a dh'aithghearr</span> || soon, in a short while
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a dh'oidhche || by night, at night time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a dh'oidhche</span> || by night, at night time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a ghnàth || habitually, always
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a ghnàth</span> || habitually, always
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a h-uile turas || every time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a h-uile turas</span> || every time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a h-uile uair || every time, always
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a h-uile uair</span> || every time, always
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a latha || by day, at daytime
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a latha</span> || by day, at daytime
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ainneamh || seldom
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ainneamh</span> || seldom
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (ann) an ceartair || 1) +FUT in a moment 2) +PAST just now
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">(ann) an ceartair</span> || 1) +FUT in a moment 2) +PAST just now
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an-còmhnaidh || always, continually
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an-còmhnaidh</span> || always, continually
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an-dràsta || now (in a more broad sense)
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an-dràsta</span> || now (in a more broad sense)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an-sin || whereupon, then
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an-sin</span> || whereupon, then
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air a' mhionaid || this moment, minute
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air a' mhionaid</span> || this moment, minute
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air an uair || just now
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air an uair</span> || just now
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air chionn do ... || by the time that ....
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air chionn do ...</span> || by the time that ....
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air ball || immediately, straightaway
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air ball</span> || immediately, straightaway
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air tùs || in the beginning, at first
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air tùs</span> || in the beginning, at first
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air uairibh || sometimes, at times
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air uairibh</span> || sometimes, at times
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (am) fad is a ... || while
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">(am) fad is a ...</span> || while
 
|-
 
|-
−
| am feadh || while, whilst
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">am feadh</span> || while, whilst
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a-nis || now (i.e. something is the case now that wasn't before)
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a-nis</span> || now (i.e. something is the case now that wasn't before)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (ann) an tiota (beag) || in a twinkling, moment
+
| <span style="color: #008000;"> (ann) an tiota (beag)</span> || in a twinkling, moment
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anns a' bhad || immediately, on the spot
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anns a' bhad</span> || immediately, on the spot
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anns a' cheart àm || in the meanwhile
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anns a' cheart àm</span> || in the meanwhile
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a-rithist || again
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a-rithist</span> || again
 
|-
 
|-
−
| á seo suas || henceforward
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">á seo suas</span> || henceforward
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bho àm gu àm || from time to time, occasionally
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">bho àm gu àm</span> || from time to time, occasionally
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bho chionn aimsir || some time ago, long ago
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">bho chionn aimsir</span> || some time ago, long ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bho chionn ghoirid || a short while ago
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">bho chionn ghoirid</span> || a short while ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bho chionn treis || a while ago
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">bho chionn treis</span> || a while ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bho seo a-mach || henceforth
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">bho seo a-mach</span> || henceforth
 
|-
 
|-
−
| car ùine || for a time, during a period
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">car ùine</span> || for a time, during a period
 
|-
 
|-
−
| (cho) fad is a ... || as long as ...
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">(cho) fad is a ...</span> || as long as ...
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fa dheòigh || at last
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fa dheòigh</span> || at last
 
|-
 
|-
−
| f(h)ad is a ... || while, during
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">f(h)ad is a ...</span> || while, during
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fad na h-ùine || all the time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fad na h-ùine</span> || all the time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ge be uair || whenever, at whichever time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ge be uair</span> || whenever, at whichever time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gach uair || whenever, every time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gach uair</span> || whenever, every time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu bràth || forever
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu bràth</span> || forever
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu cian nan cian || for ever and ever
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu cian nan cian</span> || for ever and ever
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu grad || abruptly
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu grad</span> || abruptly
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu minic || often
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu minig</span> || often
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu seo || thus far, so far
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu seo</span> || thus far, so far
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu sìorraidh || for ever and ever
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu sìorraidh</span> || for ever and ever
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu tric || often
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu tric</span> || often
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gun dàil || immediately, without delay
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gun dàil</span> || immediately, without delay
 
|-
 
|-
−
| iomadh uair || often, many times
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">iomadh uair</span> || often, many times
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leis sin || whereupon, with which
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leis sin</span> || whereupon, with which
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mu dheireadh thall || at long last
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mu dheireadh thall</span> || at long last
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mu thràth (mar-thà) || already
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mu thràth (mar-thà)</span> || already
 
|-
 
|-
−
| nas motha || no more
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">nas motha</span> || no more
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ré tamaill || for a time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ré tamaill</span> || for a time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ri h-ùine || by and by, with time
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ri h-ùine</span> || by and by, with time
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thuige seo || thus far, so far
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thuige seo</span> || thus far, so far
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tràth 's a ... || when
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tràth 's a ...</span> || when
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uaireannan || at times, sometimes
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uaireannan</span> || at times, sometimes
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Adverbs of time in Gaelic do not require a preposition as certain English expressions do and are simply attached at the end of the phrase, e.g.:
+
In Gaelic, adverbs of time do not require a preposition as certain English expressions do. They're simply attached at the end of the phrase, e.g.:
  
 
{| style="width: 50%;"
 
{| style="width: 50%;"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| I saw him yesterday. || Chunnaic mi e an-dé.
+
| I saw him yesterday. || <span style="color: #008000;">Chunnaic mi e an-dé.</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| I will go there on Monday.  || Théid mi ann DiLuain.
+
| I will go there on Monday.  || <span style="color: #008000;">Théid mi ann DiLuain.</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| He spent a little while there. || Bha e ann greis.
+
| He spent a little while there. || <span style="color: #008000;">Bha e ann greis.</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| We were there for a week. || Bha sinn ann seachdain.
+
| We were there for a week. || <span style="color: #008000;">Bha sinn ann seachdain.</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| She wants to go home for a month. || Tha i ag iarraidh a dhol dhachaigh mìos.
+
| She wants to go home for a month. || <span style="color: #008000;">Tha i ag iarraidh a dhol dhachaigh mìos.</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| What did you do in the afternoon? || Dé rinn thu feasgar?
+
| What did you do in the afternoon? || <span style="color: #008000;">Dé rinn thu feasgar?</span>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Wait a moment! || Fuirich tiota!
+
| Wait a moment! || <span style="color: #008000;">Fuirich tiota!</span>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Particularly the most overused word in modern Gaelic should be avoided - airson.
+
In particular, the most overused word in modern Gaelic should be avoided - <span style="color: #008000;">airson</span>.
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
{{BeaganGramair}}
 
{{BeaganGramair}}

Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 19:55, 7 dhen Ghiblean 2020

Temporal adverbial expressions - or how to say when something happened. To start, let's take a look at the choices we have:

Adverbs of Time

These are itsy words that you can add on to a phrase or sentence to tell people when something happened.

a-bhòn-uiridh an-uiridh am bliadhna an ath-bhliadhna1 — —
the year before last last year this year next year — —
a-bhòin-dé an-dé an-diugh a-màireach an-earar an-eararais
the day before yesterday yesterday today tomorrow the day after tomorrow three days from now
a-bhòn-raoir an-raoir a-nochd an ath-oidhche — —
the night before last last night tonight tomorrow night — —

1Note that in terms of pronunciation, this is treated as a close compound i.e. it is reduced to /ə'NafləN/ by native speakers and almost never */ə'Na vliəNə/

This does not mean that you cannot say <year after next> in Gaelic, it just means that there is no single, easy word for it. Instead you have to employ periphrastic expressions.

— am bliadhna an ath-bhliadhna
— this year next year
— a-nochd an ath-oidhche
— tonight tomorrow night
an t-seachdainn seo chaidh an t-seachdainn-sa an ath-sheachdain
last week this week next week

The Days of the Week

DiLuain DiMàirt DiCiadain DiarDaoin DihAoine DiSathairne DiDòmhnaich
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Sunday is also called Latha na Sàbaid. Traditionally the usage between the two depends on your denomination. Catholics and Episcopalians use DiDòmhnaich and Presbyterians use Latha na Sàbaid. For non-denominational reasons, we prefer DiDòmhnaich because it fits in with the rest of the paradigm. Be sure to pronounce the long vowel in Sàbaid, otherwise it becomes Latha na Sabaid, 'the Day of Fighting'.

The prefix Di- is the equivalent of the English -day suffix. However, unlike English, it's the prefix that's modified to express the concepts of <Monday afternoon>, <Friday night> etc:

madainn Luain madainn Mhàrt madainn Chiadain madainn arDaoin madainn hAoine madainn Sathairne madainnn Dòmhnaich
Monday morning Tuesday morning Wednesday morning Thursday morning Friday morning Saturday morning Sunday morning
feasgar Luain feasgar Màrt feasgar Ciadain feasgar arDaoin feasgar hAoine feasgar Sathairne feasgar Dòmhnaich
Monday afternoon Tuesday afternoon Wednesday afternoon Thursday afternoon Friday afternoon Saturday afternoon Sunday afternoon
oidhche Luain oidhche Mhàrt oidhche Chiadain oidhche arDaoin oidhche hAoine oidhche Shathairne oidhche Dhòmhnaich
Monday night Tuesday night Wednesday night Thursday night Friday night Saturday night Sunday night

That's the theory anyway. But, in colloquial usage, you'll often hear people saying things like feasgar DihAoine, madainn DiMàirt, etc. The most common ones in colloquial usage are the expressions with oidhche such as oidhche Luain, oidhche Mhàrt, etc.

The Months

For memorisation purposes, it's useful to note that from September onwards all months are feminine in gender! There are alternate names for some of the months, but we strongly suggest you stick with the recommended ones. Learning a language is difficult enough without having to worry about having 5 different choices for one term.

Gaelic Genitive English Alternate Names
Am Faoilteach (masc.) ... an Fhaoiltich January Am Faoilleach (an Fhaoillich); Mìos Marbh; Deireadh-Geamhraidh
An Gearran (masc.) ... a' Ghearrain February
Am Màrt (masc.) ... a' Mhàirt March
An Giblean (masc.) ... a' Ghiblein April
An Céitean (masc.) ... a' Chéitein May A' Mhàigh (fem.) (... na Màighe)
An t-Ògmhios (masc.) ... an Ògmhiosa June Meadhan-Samhraidh
An t-Iuchar (masc.) ... an Iuchair July Deireadh-Samhraidh; Mìos Buidhe
An Lùnastal (masc.) ... an Lùnastail August
An t-Sultain (fem.) ... na Sultaine September
An Dàmhair (fem.) ... na Dàmhair October
An t-Samhain (fem.) ... na Samhna November
An Dùbhlachd (fem.) ... na Dùbhlachd December Mìos na Nollaig

The date in Gaelic is given in the form of the Xth day of the month. A few examples:

1st March A' chiad latha dhen Mhàrt
24th June An ceathramh latha ar fhichead dhen Ògmhios
31st September A' chiad latha deug ar fhichead dhen t-Sultain
22nd December An dàrna latha ar fhichead dhen Dùbhlachd

Individual years are said by giving the 'hundreds' first and then the 'tens', for example:

1272 dà cheud deug * trì fichead is a dhà dheug
1817 ochd ceud deug * is seachd deug
1995 naoidh ceud deug ceithir fichead * is a cóig deug
2000 bliadhna dà mhìle
2003 dà mhìle * is a trì

Similar to English, B.C. and A.D. are expressed as R.C. standing for ro Chrìosd and A.D. standing for as déidh Chrìosd, for example, 347 B.C. is trì ceud dà fhichead is a seachd ro Chrìosd. Optionally, sa bhliadhna can be prefixed to any date for clarification, for example, sa bhliadhna naoi ceud deug trì fichead is a ceithir <in the year 1964>.

BCE? No, we don't use it, because it's pointless. It still uses the same date as a reference point so it's no less "offensive" (???) than B.C. or A.D. and just adds to the confusion.

The Seasons

The four seasons are expressed as follows. Notice that the short form of saying <in X> differs slightly from the long form!:

spring summer autumn winter
earrach (m)
gen. & pl. earraich		 an-samhradh (m)
gen. samhraidh
pl. samhraidhean		 foghar (m)
gen. foghair
pl. foghairean		 geamhradh (m)
gen. geamhraidh
pl. geamhraidhean
in spring in summer in autumn in winter
as t-earrach as t-samhradh as t-fhoghar anns a' gheamhradh
in the spring in the summer in the autumn in the winter
anns an earrach anns an t-samhradh anns an fhoghar anns a' gheamhradh

The Holidays of the Year

Note that while the word for day is normally latha, in these special calendar dates this has shortened to Là.

Faoi. 1 Là na Bliadhna Ùire New Year's Day Callainn (fem) (...na Callainne); Nollaig Bheag (fem.) (... na Nollaig Bige)
Faoi. 6 Là nan Trì Rìgh Epiphany Là Fhéill nan Rìgh; Féill an Taisbeanaidh
Gearr. 2 Là Fhéill Brìghde Candlemas Là Fhéill Brìghde nan Coinnlean; Là Féill Moire nan Coinnlean
Gearr. 14 Là Fhéill Bhaileintin Valentine's Day
Gearr. Là na Bliadhna Ùire Sìnich Chinese New Year
Gearr. DiMàirt Inid Shrove Tuesday, Pancake Day
Gearr. DiCiadain na Luaithre Ash Wednesday
Gearr. An Carghas (masc.)
(... a' Charghais)		 Lent
Màrt 1 Là Dhàibhidh St. David's Day
Màrt Là na Màthar Mother's Day/Mothering Sunday
Màrt 17 Là Phàdraig St. Patrick's Day Là Fhéill Pàdraig
Màrt Seachdain na Càisge Holy Week
Màrt DiDòmhnaich Tùrnais Palm Sunday
Màrt DiArdaoin a' Bhrochain Mhóir Maundy Thursday DiArdaoin Inid
Màrt DihAoine na Ceusta Good Friday
Màrt A' Chàisg (fem.)
(... na Càisge)		 Easter
Màrt DiSathairne na Càisge Easter Saturday
Màrt A' Chàisg Mhór Easter Sunday Là Guileagain; Là Bàs nan Uighean; DiDòmhnaich na Càisge
Màrt DiLuain na Càisge Easter Monday
Màrt Co-fhad-tràth an Earraich Vernal Equinox
Gibl. 1 Là na Gogaireachd April Fool's Day Là Ruith na Cuthaige
Gibl. 23 Là Fhéill Seòrais St. George's Day
Céit. 1 Là Bealltainn May Day/Beltane
Céit. Deasghabhail (fem.)
(... na Deasghabhalach)		 Ascension Day DiArdaoin Freastail
Céit. Caingis (fem. indef.) Pentecost/Whit Sunday
Céit. DiDòmhnaich na Trianaid Trinity Sunday
Céit. DiArdaoin Corp Crìosda Corpus Christi
Transfiguration
Céit. Là Fhéill an Earraich Spring Bank Holiday
Ògmh. Là an Athar Father's Day
Ògmh. 21 Grianstad an t-Samhraidh
Là Leth an t-Samhraidh		 Summer Solstice
Midsummer's Day
Iuch. 15 Là Màrtainn Builg St. Swithen's Day
Lùna. 1 Lùghnasa Lunasa (Harvest)
Lùna. Là Fhéill an t-Samhraidh Summer Bank Holiday
Sult. Co-fhad-tràth an Fhoghair Autumnal Equinox
Damh. 31 Oidhche Shamhna All Souls' Day/Hallowe'en
Damh. 31
Samh. 1		 Là Samhna Samhain Là Fhéill Samhna
Samh. 1 Là nan Uile Naomh All Saints' Day
Samh. 5 Oidhche Ghuy Fawkes Guy Fawkes' Night
Samh. 11 Là nan Cuimhneachan Rememberance Day
Samh. DiDòmhnaich nan Cuimhneachan Rememberance Sunday
Samh. Aidbheint (fem.)
(... na h-Aidmheint)		 Advent
Samh. A' Chiad Dòmhnaich dhen Aidmheint Advent Sunday
Samh. Là na Taingealachd Thanksgiving Là Buidheachais an Fhoghair; Là Taingealachd an Fhoghair
Samh. 30 Là Chill Rìbhinn St. Andrew's Day
Dùbh. 6 Là Bodach na Nollaig St. Nicholas' Day
Dùbh. 21 Grianstad a' Gheamhraidh Winter Solstice
Dùbh. An Nollaig (fem.)
(...na Nollaige)		 Christmas
Dùbh. 24 Oidhche nam Bannag Christmas Eve Oidhche na Nollaig
Dùbh. 25 Là na Nollaig Christmas Day Là nam Bannag
Dùbh. 26 Boxing Day/St. Stephen's Day
Dùbh. 28 Là Fhéill nan Leanabhan Neoichiontach Feast of the Holy Innocents
Dùbh. 31 Oidhche Challainn Hogmanay/New Year's Eve

Other Adverbs of Time

Most adverbs are formed by the prepositon gu + ADJ, but there are a number of adverbs that have different formations:

a chaoidh for ever (after)
a chlisgeadh suddenly, abruptly
a dh'aithghearr soon, in a short while
a dh'oidhche by night, at night time
a ghnàth habitually, always
a h-uile turas every time
a h-uile uair every time, always
a latha by day, at daytime
ainneamh seldom
(ann) an ceartair 1) +FUT in a moment 2) +PAST just now
an-còmhnaidh always, continually
an-dràsta now (in a more broad sense)
an-sin whereupon, then
air a' mhionaid this moment, minute
air an uair just now
air chionn do ... by the time that ....
air ball immediately, straightaway
air tùs in the beginning, at first
air uairibh sometimes, at times
(am) fad is a ... while
am feadh while, whilst
a-nis now (i.e. something is the case now that wasn't before)
(ann) an tiota (beag) in a twinkling, moment
anns a' bhad immediately, on the spot
anns a' cheart àm in the meanwhile
a-rithist again
á seo suas henceforward
bho àm gu àm from time to time, occasionally
bho chionn aimsir some time ago, long ago
bho chionn ghoirid a short while ago
bho chionn treis a while ago
bho seo a-mach henceforth
car ùine for a time, during a period
(cho) fad is a ... as long as ...
fa dheòigh at last
f(h)ad is a ... while, during
fad na h-ùine all the time
ge be uair whenever, at whichever time
gach uair whenever, every time
gu bràth forever
gu cian nan cian for ever and ever
gu grad abruptly
gu minig often
gu seo thus far, so far
gu sìorraidh for ever and ever
gu tric often
gun dàil immediately, without delay
iomadh uair often, many times
leis sin whereupon, with which
mu dheireadh thall at long last
mu thràth (mar-thà) already
nas motha no more
ré tamaill for a time
ri h-ùine by and by, with time
thuige seo thus far, so far
tràth 's a ... when
uaireannan at times, sometimes

In Gaelic, adverbs of time do not require a preposition as certain English expressions do. They're simply attached at the end of the phrase, e.g.:

I saw him yesterday. Chunnaic mi e an-dé.
I will go there on Monday. Théid mi ann DiLuain.
He spent a little while there. Bha e ann greis.
We were there for a week. Bha sinn ann seachdain.
She wants to go home for a month. Tha i ag iarraidh a dhol dhachaigh mìos.
What did you do in the afternoon? Dé rinn thu feasgar?
Wait a moment! Fuirich tiota!

In particular, the most overused word in modern Gaelic should be avoided - airson.



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