An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "Numerals or How to write a cheque in Gaelic"
Loidhne 61: | Loidhne 61: | ||
Ok, enough footnotes ... here's the numbers up to 30 | Ok, enough footnotes ... here's the numbers up to 30 | ||
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− | + | {| style="width: 55%;" border="0" | |
+ | ! scope="col" width="5%" align="left" | № | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="15%" align="left" | counting | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="25%" align="left" | cardinal numbers<br />(one beak, two beaks ...) | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="30%" align="left" | ordinal numbers<br />(first, second ...) | ||
+ | |- valign="top" | ||
+ | | 11 || a h-aon deug || aon ghob deug<br />aon bhròg dheug || an t-aonamh gob deug<br />an aonamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 12 ||a dhà dheug || dà ghob deug<br />dà bhròig dheug || an dàrna gob deug<br />an dàrna bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 13 || a trì deug || trì guib dheug<br />trì brògan deug || an treas gob deug<br />an treas bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 14 || a ceithir deug || ceithir guib dheug<br />ceithir brògan deug || an ceathramh gob deug<br />a' cheathramh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 15 || a cóig deug || cóig guib dheug<br />cóig brògan deug || an cóigeamh gob deug<br />a' chóigeamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 16 || a sia deug || sia guib dheug<br />sia brògan deug || an siathamh gob deug<br />an t-siathamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 17 || a seachd deug || seachd guib dheug<br />seachd brògan deug || an seachdamh gob deug<br />an t-seachdamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 18 || a h-ochd deug || ochd guib dheug<br />ochd brògan deug || an t-ochdamh gob deug<br />an ochdamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 19 || a naoi deug || naoidh guib dheug<br />naoidh brògan deug || an naoidheamh gob deug<br />an naoidheamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 20 || fichead || fichead gob<br />fichead bròg || am ficheadamh gob<br />an fhicheadamh bròg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 21 || a h-aon ar fhichead || aon ghob ar fhichead<br />aon bhròg ar fhichead || an t-aonamh gob ar fhichead<br />an aonamh bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 22 || a dhà ar fhichead || dà ghob ar fhichead<br />dà bhròig ar fhichead || an dàrna gob ar fhichead<br />an dàrna bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 23 || a trì ar fhichead || trì guib dheug ar fhichead<br />trì brògan deug ar fhichead || an treas gob ar fhichead<br />an treas bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 24 || a ceithir ar fhichead || ceithir guib dheug ar fhichead<br />ceithir brògan deug ar fhichead || an ceathramh gob ar fhichead<br />a' cheathramh bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 25 || a cóig ar fhichead || cóig guib dheug ar fhichead<br />cóig brògan deug ar fhichead || an cóigeamh gob ar fhichead<br />a' chóigeamh bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 26 || a sia ar fhichead || sia guib dheug ar fhichead<br />sia brògan deug ar fhichead || an siathamh gob ar fhichead<br />an t-siathamh bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 27 || a seachd ar fhichead || seachd guib dheug ar fhichead<br />seachd brògan deug ar fhichead || an seachdamh gob ar fhichead<br />an t-seachdamh bròg ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 28 || a h-ochd ar fhichead || ochd guib dheug ar fhichead<br />ochd brògan deug ar fhichead || an t-ochdamh gob deug ar fhichead<br />an ochdamh bròg dheug ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 29 || a naoidh ar fhichead || naoidh guib dheug ar fhichead<br />naoidh brògan deug ar fhichead || an naoidheamh gob deug ar fhichead<br />an naoidheamh bròg dheug ar fhichead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 30 ||a deich ar fhichead || fichead gob deug<br />fichead bròg dheug || am ficheadamh gob deug<br />an fhicheadamh bròg dheug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
− | + | 1) Where to start? Slightly contrary to current usage (and of course GOC), we have used ar instead of air. Actually the Gaelic way of saying thirty etc is not <ten on twenty> but <ten over twenty> - deich thar fhichead (thar shortened to ar). Ok, it still doesn't explain the lenition really, but it does explain why many people pronounce air here as /ar/ rather than /ɛrʲ/. Some people do pronounce it with a slender r, probably because of seing it written air all the time. | |
− | + | 2) Note that the nouns lenite the numbers as if they were adjectives - so bròg being feminine lenites deug and guib lenites deug because it is an indefinite masculine noun which forms it's plural by slenderisation ... don't you just love it? | |
+ | |||
+ | 3) Full multiples twenty are not preceded by a when counting, thus a deich but fichead, fichead is a deich but dàichead. | ||
Ok, you're bursting for more, yes? | Ok, you're bursting for more, yes? |
Mùthadh on 03:05, 5 dhen Mhàrt 2012
Numbers ... yes, oh what joy, but there's no avoiding them. There are three sets of numbers in Gaelic, just to keep life interesting, plus an old 'new way' they have dug up to make mathematics 'easier' for children in Gaelic Medium Education.
The first set of numbers is the "basic" set of numbers, the one you use for counting things. The second set is used if you're simply counting or giving a phone number - and the third for counting people (the same in both systems). Because we do not have the same space restrictions as books have, we are going to give you both systems up to a hundred (traditional first and further down the new old system) and then plenty of examples above 100. Because we will need to explain a few things half way and again, we have made a break after the 10's and the 20's and stuck in the explanations there and then and then continue with 11/31 etc. There are two examples each, one for masculine and one for feminine nouns.
№ | counting | cardinal numbers (one beak, two beaks ...) |
ordinal numbers (first, second ...) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | a neoini | neoini gob neoini bròg |
|
1 | a h-aon | aon ghob (m) aon bhròg (f) |
a' chiad ghob a' chiad bhròg |
2 | a dhà | dà ghob dà bhròig |
an dàrna gob an dàrna bròg |
3 | a trì | trì guib trì brògan |
an treas gob an treas bròg |
4 | a ceithir | ceithir guib ceithir brògan |
an ceathramh gob a' cheathramh bròg |
5 | a cóig | cóig guib cóig brògan |
an cóigeamh gob a' chóigeamh bròg |
6 | a sia | sia guib sia brògan |
an siathamh gob an t-siathamh bròg |
7 | a seachd | seachd guib seachd brògan |
an seachdamh gob an t-seachdamh bròg |
8 | a h-ochd | ochd guib ochd brògan |
an t-ochdamh gob an ochdamh bròg |
9 | a naoidh | naoidh guib naoidh brògan |
an naoidheamh gob an naoidheamh bròg |
10 | a deich | deich gob deich bròg |
an deicheamh gob an deicheamh bròg |
Fun, isn't it? It's going to get even better ... but first the footnotes:
1) Aon and dà lenite the following consonant (bearing the rule about blocked lenition in mind). Is the noun followed by adjectives, dà lenites these as well e.g. dà thaigh mhór bhrèagha.
2) Dà is not followed by the plural, but what appears to be the singular. This isn't as bizarre as it may sound (yet again). Old Irish had something called the 'dual' a special number for counting two's - forms which looked very similar to the singular, so when the dual case went out of the window, pairs of things were grouped with the singular (in grammatical terms anyway). The only thing which is a reminder of this not being the singular case but something else is with feminine nouns, which slenderise after dà i.e. dà bhròig. Today this is mostly restricted to written Gaelic - but not to such a degree that you will sound odd if you do use it in spoken Gaelic, so the choice is yours. Dà also lenites adjectives following a noun regardless of its gender but does not slenderise e.g. dà ghob mhór, dà bhròig mhór. Is the numeral phrase in the dative or genitive, the adjectives decline normally thus: leis an dà ghob mhór, leis an dà bhròig mhóir and an dà ghuib mhóir, an dà bhròige móire. Notice that an is used in the genitive with feminine nouns rather than na.
3) When preceded by a, dà changes to a dhà. Notwithstanding, you will hear people say things like dhà chù. Also, a prefixes h- to the numbers beginning with a vowel, thus you get a h-aon and a h-ochd.
4) The singular is used with dusan, fichead, multiples of fichead, ceud and mìle, millean etc. The singular is also used with measures (length, monetary units etc) e.g. sgillinn (but not not 'pound' which has a plural, notaichean), mìle, tròigh, pùnnd, clach ...
Bliadhna, which actually IS an old plural form, does not change either when counting, even though you say things like bliadhnaichean air ais 'years ago'. Other time terms take the plural just as other nouns e.g. uairean, mionaidean, seachdainnean ...
5) Remember to lenite your adjectives after a masculine noun that pluralises by slenderisation e.g. seachd craobhan móra but seachd guib mhóra.
6) Instead of aon, aonan can be used in an emphatic sense, e.g có mheud a bha ann? Aonan!! 'How many were there? One!!'. Alternatively, you could answer Dìreach aon!
7) The ordinal numbers obey the rules for case according to gender i.e. prefix t- in front of s and nothing before vowels for feminine nouns and t- before vowels for masculine nouns. A' chiad however is always a' chiad regardless of the gender of the noun. Deug lenites after feminine nouns as if it were an adjective. Adjectives themselves behave "normally" as if it were a simple noun phrase i.e. an t-siathamh bhròg mhór dheug 'the 16th big shoe' or air an t-siathamh bhròig mhóir dheug 'on the 16th big shoe'.
EXCEPT that only a' chiad lenites a following noun i.e. even though it may be followed by a feminine noun, a' cheathramh never lenites.
8) Instead of aonamh you will see a number of variations such as aon and aona. Some people prefer to use a' chiad instead of aonamh altogether. Tritheamh is a variant of treas (behaves exactly the same way) as is dara of dàrna (behaving the same way too). We recommend the use of the system outlined here, however.
9) Ordinal numbers are "abbreviated" as follows: a' chiad > 1d; an dàrna > 2na; an treas > 3as; -eamh > Nmh. Above 20, however, 1d becomes 1mh, because it changes from a' chiad to an aonamh.
10) a' chiad becomes na ciad in phrases like na ciad eòin 'the first birds', similarly na dàrna, na treas etc. Ordinal numbers can also be lenited, e.g. by the possessive pronouns do dhàrna bean 'your second wife'.
11) There is a strong tendency in the spoken language to neutralise the masc/fem distinction if a numeral occurs between the definite article and the thing being counted. In other words, lots of people say an aonamh gob deug instead of an t-aonamh gob deug.
Ok, enough footnotes ... here's the numbers up to 30
№ | counting | cardinal numbers (one beak, two beaks ...) |
ordinal numbers (first, second ...) |
---|---|---|---|
11 | a h-aon deug | aon ghob deug aon bhròg dheug |
an t-aonamh gob deug an aonamh bròg dheug |
12 | a dhà dheug | dà ghob deug dà bhròig dheug |
an dàrna gob deug an dàrna bròg dheug |
13 | a trì deug | trì guib dheug trì brògan deug |
an treas gob deug an treas bròg dheug |
14 | a ceithir deug | ceithir guib dheug ceithir brògan deug |
an ceathramh gob deug a' cheathramh bròg dheug |
15 | a cóig deug | cóig guib dheug cóig brògan deug |
an cóigeamh gob deug a' chóigeamh bròg dheug |
16 | a sia deug | sia guib dheug sia brògan deug |
an siathamh gob deug an t-siathamh bròg dheug |
17 | a seachd deug | seachd guib dheug seachd brògan deug |
an seachdamh gob deug an t-seachdamh bròg dheug |
18 | a h-ochd deug | ochd guib dheug ochd brògan deug |
an t-ochdamh gob deug an ochdamh bròg dheug |
19 | a naoi deug | naoidh guib dheug naoidh brògan deug |
an naoidheamh gob deug an naoidheamh bròg dheug |
20 | fichead | fichead gob fichead bròg |
am ficheadamh gob an fhicheadamh bròg |
21 | a h-aon ar fhichead | aon ghob ar fhichead aon bhròg ar fhichead |
an t-aonamh gob ar fhichead an aonamh bròg ar fhichead |
22 | a dhà ar fhichead | dà ghob ar fhichead dà bhròig ar fhichead |
an dàrna gob ar fhichead an dàrna bròg ar fhichead |
23 | a trì ar fhichead | trì guib dheug ar fhichead trì brògan deug ar fhichead |
an treas gob ar fhichead an treas bròg ar fhichead |
24 | a ceithir ar fhichead | ceithir guib dheug ar fhichead ceithir brògan deug ar fhichead |
an ceathramh gob ar fhichead a' cheathramh bròg ar fhichead |
25 | a cóig ar fhichead | cóig guib dheug ar fhichead cóig brògan deug ar fhichead |
an cóigeamh gob ar fhichead a' chóigeamh bròg ar fhichead |
26 | a sia ar fhichead | sia guib dheug ar fhichead sia brògan deug ar fhichead |
an siathamh gob ar fhichead an t-siathamh bròg ar fhichead |
27 | a seachd ar fhichead | seachd guib dheug ar fhichead seachd brògan deug ar fhichead |
an seachdamh gob ar fhichead an t-seachdamh bròg ar fhichead |
28 | a h-ochd ar fhichead | ochd guib dheug ar fhichead ochd brògan deug ar fhichead |
an t-ochdamh gob deug ar fhichead an ochdamh bròg dheug ar fhichead |
29 | a naoidh ar fhichead | naoidh guib dheug ar fhichead naoidh brògan deug ar fhichead |
an naoidheamh gob deug ar fhichead an naoidheamh bròg dheug ar fhichead |
30 | a deich ar fhichead | fichead gob deug fichead bròg dheug |
am ficheadamh gob deug an fhicheadamh bròg dheug |
1) Where to start? Slightly contrary to current usage (and of course GOC), we have used ar instead of air. Actually the Gaelic way of saying thirty etc is not <ten on twenty> but <ten over twenty> - deich thar fhichead (thar shortened to ar). Ok, it still doesn't explain the lenition really, but it does explain why many people pronounce air here as /ar/ rather than /ɛrʲ/. Some people do pronounce it with a slender r, probably because of seing it written air all the time.
2) Note that the nouns lenite the numbers as if they were adjectives - so bròg being feminine lenites deug and guib lenites deug because it is an indefinite masculine noun which forms it's plural by slenderisation ... don't you just love it?
3) Full multiples twenty are not preceded by a when counting, thus a deich but fichead, fichead is a deich but dàichead.
Ok, you're bursting for more, yes?
No counting coardinal numbers ordinal numbers
31 a h-aon deug
ar fhichead aon ghob deug ar fhichead
aon bhròg dheug ar fhichead an t-aonamh gob deug ar fh.
an aonamh bròg dheug ar fh.
32 a dhà dheug
ar fhichead dà ghob dheug ar fhichead
dà bhròig dheug ar fhichead an dàrna gob deug ar fh.
an dàrna bròg dheug ar fh.
33 a trì deug
ar fhichead trì guib dheug ar fhichead
trì brògan deug ar fhichead an treas gob deug ar fh.
an treas bròg dheug ar fh.
34 a ceithir deug
ar fhichead ceithir guib dheug ar fhichead
ceithir brògan deug ar fhichead an ceathramh gob deug ar fh.
a' cheathramh bròg dheug ar fh.
35 a cóig deug
ar fhichead cóig guib dheug ar fhichead
cóig brògan deug ar fhichead an cóigeamh gob deug ar fh.
a' chóigeamh bhròg dheug ar fh.
36 a sia deug
ar fhichead sia guib dheug ar fhichead
sia brògan deug ar fhichead an siathamh gob deug ar fh.
an t-siathamh bròg dheug ar fh.
37 a seachd deug
ar fhichead seachd guib dheug ar fhichead
seachd brògan deug ar fhichead an seachdamh gob deug ar fh.
an t-seachdamh bròg dheug ar fh.
38 a h-ochd deug
ar fhichead ochd guib dheug ar fhichead
ochd brògan deug ar fhichead an t-ochdamh gob deug ar fh.
an ochdamh bròg dheug ar fh.
39 a naoi deug
ar fhichead naoi guib dheug ar fhichead
naoi brògan deug ar fhichead an naoitheamh gob deug ar fh.
an naoitheamh bròg dheug ar fh.
40 dàichead dàichead gob
dàichead bròg an dàicheadamh gob
an dàicheadamh bròg
41 dàichead
is a h-aon dàichead gob is a h-aon
dàichead bròg is a h-aon an dàicheadamh gob is a h-aon
an dàicheadamh bròg is a h-aon
42 dàichead
is a dhà dàichead gob is a dhà
dàichead bròg is a dhà an dàicheadamh gob is a dhà
an dàicheadamh bròg is a dhà
43 dàichead
is a trì dàichead gob is a trì
dàichead bròg is a trì an dàicheadamh gob is a trì
an dàicheadamh bròg is a trì
44 dàichead
is a ceithir dàichead gob is a ceithir
dàichead bròg is a ceithir an dàicheadamh gob is a ceithir
an dàicheadamh bròg is a ceithir
45 dàichead
is a cóig dàichead gob is a cóig
dàichead bròg is a cóig an dàicheadamh gob is a cóig
an dàicheadamh bròg is a cóig
46 dàichead
is a sia dàichead gob is a sia
dàichead bròg is a sia an dàicheadamh gob is a sia
an dàicheadamh bròg is a sia
47 dàichead
is a seachd dàichead gob is a seachd
dàichead bròg is a seachd an dàicheadamh gob is a seachd
an dàicheadamh bròg is a seachd
48 dàichead
is a h-ochd dàichead gob is a h-ochd
dàichead bròg is a h-ochd an dàicheadamh gob is a h-ochd
an dàicheadamh bròg is a h-ochd
49 dàichead
is a naoi dàichead gob is a naoi
dàichead bròg is a naoi an dàicheadamh gob is a naoi
an dàicheadamh bròg is a naoi
50 dàichead
is a deich dàichead gob is a deich
dàichead bròg is a deich an dàicheadamh gob is a deich
an dàicheadamh bròg is a deich
51 dàichead
is a h-aon deug dàichead gob is a h-aon deug
dàichead bròg is a h-aon deug an 40mh gob is a h-aon deug
an 40mh bròg is a h-aon deug
52 dàichead
is a dhà dheug dàichead gob is a dhà dheug
dàichead bròg is a dhà dheug an 40mh gob is a dhà dheug
an 40mh bròg is a dhà dheug
53 dàichead
is a trì deug dàichead gob is a trì deug
dàichead bròg is a trì deug an 40mh gob is a trì deug
an 40mh bròg is a trì deug
54 dàichead
is a ceithir deug dàichead gob is a ceithir deug
dàichead bròg is a ceithir deug an 40mh gob is a ceithir deug
an 40mh bròg is a ceithir deug
55 dàichead
is a cóig deug dàichead gob is a cóig deug
dàichead bròg is a cóig deug an 40mh gob is a cóig deug
an 40mh bròg is a cóig deug
56 dàichead
is a sia deug dàichead gob is a sia deug
dàichead bròg is a sia deug an 40mh gob is a sia deug
an 40mh bròg is a sia deug
57 dàichead
is a seachd deug dàichead gob is a seachd deug
dàichead bròg is a seachd deug an 40mh gob is a seachd deug
an 40mh bròg is a seachd deug
58 dàichead
is a h-ochd deug dàichead gob is a h-ochd deug
dàichead bròg is a h-ochd deug an 40mh gob is a h-ochd deug
an 40mh bròg is a h-ochd deug
59 dàichead
is a naoi deug dàichead gob is a naoi deug
dàichead bròg is a naoi deug an 40mh gob is a naoi deug
an 40mh bròg is a naoi deug
60 trì fichead trì fichead gob
trì fichead bròg an trì ficheadamh gob
an trì ficheadamh bròg
61 trì fichead
is a h-aon trì fichead gob is a h-aon
trì fichead bròg is a h-aon an trì 20mh gob is a h-aon
an trì 20mh bròg is a h-aon
62 trì fichead
is a dhà trì fichead gob is a dhà
trì fichead bròg is a dhà an trì 20mh gob is a dhà
an trì 20mh bròg is a dhà
63 trì fichead
is a trì trì fichead gob is a trì
trì fichead bròg is a trì an trì 20mh gob is a trì
an trì 20mh bròg is a trì
64 trì fichead
is a ceithir trì fichead gob is a ceithir
trì fichead bròg is a ceithir an trì 20mh gob is a ceithir
an trì 20mh bròg is a ceithir
65 trì fichead
is a cóig trì fichead gob is a cóig
trì fichead bròg is a cóig an trì 20mh gob is a cóig
an trì 20mh bròg is a cóig
66 trì fichead
is a sia trì fichead gob is a sia
trì fichead bròg is a sia an trì 20mh gob is a sia
an trì 20mh bròg is a sia
67 trì fichead
is a seachd trì fichead gob is a seachd
trì fichead bròg is a seachd an trì 20mh gob is a seachd
an trì 20mh bròg is a seachd
68 trì fichead
is a h-ochd trì fichead gob is a h-ochd
trì fichead bròg is a h-ochd an trì 20mh gob is a h-ochd
an trì 20mh bròg is a h-ochd
69 trì fichead
is a naoi trì fichead gob is a naoi
trì fichead bròg is a naoi an trì 20mh gob is a naoi
an trì 20mh bròg is a naoi
70 trì fichead
is a deich trì fichead gob is a deich
trì fichead bròg is a deich an trì 20mh gob is a deich
an trì 20mh bròg is a deich
71 trì fichead
is a h-aon deug trì fichead gob is a h-aon deug
trì fichead bròg is a h-aon deug an trì 20mh gob is a h-aon deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a h-aon deug
72 trì fichead
is a dhà dheug trì fichead gob is a dhà dheug
trì fichead bròg is a dhà dheug an trì 20mh gob is a dhà dheug
an trì 20mh bròg is a dhà dheug
73 trì fichead
is a trì deug trì fichead gob is a trì deug
trì fichead bròg is a trì deug an trì 20mh gob is a trì deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a trì deug
74 trì fichead
is a ceithir deug trì fichead gob is a ceithir deug
trì fichead bròg is a ceithir deug an trì 20mh gob is a ceithir deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a ceithir deug
75 trì fichead
is a cóig deug trì fichead gob is a cóig deug
trì fichead bròg is a cóig deug an trì 20mh gob is a cóig deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a cóig deug
76 trì fichead
is a sia deug trì fichead gob is a sia deug
trì fichead bròg is a sia deug an trì 20mh gob is a sia deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a sia deug
77 trì fichead
is a seachd deug trì fichead gob is a seachd deug
trì fichead bròg is a seachd deug an trì 20mh gob is a seachd deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a seachd deug
78 trì fichead
is a h-ochd deug trì fichead gob is a h-ochd deug
trì fichead bròg is a h-ochd deug an trì 20mh gob is a h-ochd deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a h-ochd deug
79 trì fichead
is a naoi deug trì fichead gob is a naoi deug
trì fichead bròg is a naoi deug an trì 20mh gob is a naoi deug
an trì 20mh bròg is a naoi deug
80 ceithir fichead ceithir fichead gob
ceithir fichead bròg an ceithir ficheadamh gob
an ceithir ficheadamh bròg
81 ceithir fichead
is a h-aon ceithir fichead gob is a h-aon
ceithir fichead bròg is a h-aon an 4 20mh gob is a h-aon
an 4 20mh bròg is a h-aon
82 ceithir fichead
is a dhà ceithir fichead gob is a dhà
ceithir fichead bròg is a dhà an 4 20mh gob is a dhà
an 4 20mh bròg is a dhà
83 ceithir fichead
is a trì ceithir fichead gob is a trì
ceithir fichead bròg is a trì an 4 20mh gob is a trì
an 4 20mh bròg is a trì
84 ceithir fichead
is a ceithir ceithir fichead gob is a ceithir
ceithir fichead bròg is a ceithir an 4 20mh gob is a ceithir
an 4 20mh bròg is a ceithir
85 ceithir fichead
is a cóig ceithir fichead gob is a cóig
ceithir fichead bròg is a cóig an 4 20mh gob is a cóig
an 4 20mh bròg is a cóig
86 ceithir fichead
is a sia ceithir fichead gob is a sia
ceithir fichead bròg is a sia an 4 20mh gob is a sia
an 4 20mh bròg is a sia
87 ceithir fichead
is a seachd ceithir fichead gob is a seachd
ceithir fichead bròg is a seachd an 4 20mh gob is a seachd
an 4 20mh bròg is a seachd
88 ceithir fichead
is a h-ochd ceithir fichead gob is a h-ochd
ceithir fichead bròg is a h-ochd an 4 20mh gob is a h-ochd
an 4 20mh bròg is a h-ochd
89 ceithir fichead
is a naoi ceithir fichead gob is a naoi
ceithir fichead bròg is a naoi an 4 20mh gob is a naoi
an 4 20mh bròg is a naoi
90 ceithir fichead
is a deich ceithir fichead gob is a deich
ceithir fichead bròg is a deich an 4 20mh gob is a deich
an 4 20mh bròg is a deich
91 ceithir fichead
is a h-aon deug ceithir fichead gob is a h-aon deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a h-aon deug an 4 20mh gob is a h-aon deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a h-aon deug
92 ceithir fichead
is a dhà dheug ceithir fichead gob is a dhà dheug
ceithir fichead bròg is a dhà dheug an 4 20mh gob is a dhà dheug
an 4 20mh bròg is a dhà dheug
93 ceithir fichead
is a trì deug ceithir fichead gob is a trì deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a trì deug an 4 20mh gob is a trì deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a trì deug
94 ceithir fichead
is a ceithir deug ceithir fichead gob is a ceithir deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a ceithir deug an 4 20mh gob is a ceithir deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a ceithir deug
95 ceithir fichead
is a cóig deug ceithir fichead gob is a cóig deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a cóig deug an 4 20mh gob is a cóig deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a cóig deug
96 ceithir fichead
is a sia deug ceithir fichead gob is a sia deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a sia deug an 4 20mh gob is a sia deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a sia deug
97 ceithir fichead
is a seachd deug ceithir fichead gob is a seachd deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a seachd deug an 4 20mh gob is a seachd deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a seachd deug
98 ceithir fichead
is a h-ochd deug ceithir fichead gob is a h-ochd deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a h-ochd deug an 4 20mh gob is a h-ochd deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a h-ochd deug
99 ceithir fichead
is a naoi deug ceithir fichead gob is a naoi deug
ceithir fichead bròg is a naoi deug an 4 20mh gob is a naoi deug
an 4 20mh bròg is a naoi deug
100 ceud ceud gob
ceud bròg an ceudamh gob
an ceudamh bròg
101 ceud is a h-aon ceud gob is a h-aon
ceud bròg is a h-aon an ceudamh gob is a h-aon
an ceudamh bròg is a h-aon
102 ceud is a dhà ceud gob is a dhà
ceud bròg is a dhà an ceudamh gob is a dhà
an ceudamh bròg is a dhà
103 ceud is a trì ceud gob is a trì
ceud bròg is a trì an ceudamh gob is a trì
an ceudamh bròg is a trì
And the footnotes:
50: Instead of dàichead is a deich, leth cheud can be used, which does not lenite.
In spoken Gaelic is a is often shortened to 's a /sə/ not to be confused with sa 'in the'.
Dàichead is a shortened form of dà fhichead. It is not only easier to read, but also reflects the actual stress placement better (only on the dà-) when counting which is why we prefer it.
Once you reach ceudamh, no gender distinctions are necessary anymore.
Sometimes the vigesimal system is used up to 200 i.e. cóig fichead, sia fichead, seachd fichead, ochd fichead, naoi fichead, but never beyond that.
Yes, we said we'd only go up to a hundred, but in real life we need to tackle larger numbers too, so here are a few further key numbers so you will get an understanding of how to tackle larger numbers. And yes, many a Gaelic teacher will tell you that most Gaels use English numbers when counting anything complex above 50 or 100, but first of all that is beside the point and secondly that has much to do with the fact that almost all Gaelic speaking adults over 20 have been educated through the medium of English, particularly when it comes to maths, which is not a subject commonly taught in GME, especially not at secondary level. Go on, how good are your number skills in French or German over 50?
So do learn how to express these numbers, but we advise caution as to with whom you can use them. Learners, teachers, very literate native speakers and young people who have had GME. If you feel like doing some language planning, you can alway use the Gaelic numbers regardless of with whom you are speaking and then gloss it by following it with the number in English.
No counting cardinal numbers ordinal numbers
105 ceud is a cóig ceud gob is a cóig an ceudamh gob is a còig
125 ceud, fichead is a cóig ceud, fichead gob is a cóig an ceudamh, cóig guib ar fhichead
220 dà cheud is fichead dà cheud gob is fichead an dà cheudamh gob ar fhichead
400 ceithir ceud ceithir cheud gob an ceithir cheudamh gob
552 cóig cheud, dàichead is a dhà dheug cóig cheud, dàichead gob is a dhà dheug an cóig cheudamh, dàichead gob is a dhà dheug
592 cóig ceud, ceithir fichead
is a dhà dheug cóig ceud, ceithir fichead
gob is a dhà dheug an ceithir ceudamh, ceithir fichead gob is a dhà dheug
1,000 mìle mìle gob am mìleamh gob
1,238 mìle, dà cheud,
ochd deug ar fhichead mìle, dà cheud,
ochd guib dheug ar fhichead am mìleamh, dà cheud,
ochd guib dheug ar fhichead
4,673 ceithir mìle, sia ceud,
trì fichead is trì deug ceithir mìle, sia cheud,
trì fichead gob is trì deug an ceithir mìleamh, sia cheud, trì fichead gob is trì deug
10,000 deich mìle deich mìle gob an deich mìleamh gob
16,745 sia mìle deug, seachd ceud, dàichead is a cóig sia mìle deug, seachd ceud, dàichead gob is a cóig an sia mìleamh deug, seachd ceud, dàichead gob is a cóig
56,965 dàichead mìle is sia deug,
naoi ceud, trì fichead is a cóig dàichead mìle is a sia deug,
naoi ceud, trì fichead gob is a cóig an dàichead mìleamh is sia deug, naoi ceud, trì fichead gob is a cóig
200,000 dà cheud mìle dà cheud mìle gob an dà cheud mìleamh gob
143,976 ceud mìle dàichead is a trì,
naoi ceud, trì fichead is a sia ceud mìle dàichead is a trì,
naoi ceud, trì fichead gob is a sia an ceud mìleamh dàichead is a trì, naoi ceud, trì fichead gob is a sia
999,999 naoi ceud mìle ceithir fichead is a naoi deug, naoi ceud, ceithir fichead is a naoi deug naoi ceud mìle ceithir fichead is a naoi deug, naoi ceud, ceithir fichead gob is a naoi deug naoi ceud mìleamh ceithir fichead is a naoi deug, naoi ceud, ceithir fichead gob is a naoi deug
1,000,000 millean millean gob am milleanamh gob
5,867,835 cóig millean, ochd ceud mìle trì fichead is seachd,
ochd ceud, cóig deug ar fhichead cóig millean, ochd ceud mìle trì fichead is a seachd, ochd ceud, cóig guib dheug ar fhichead an cóig milleanamh, ochd ceud mìle trì fichead is seachd, ochd ceud, cóig guib dheug ar fhichead
Footnote or ten ...
The comma is only "notional" that is, it's a "speech break" you put in when saying the number. You don't actually write it when spelling out numbers - we just put them in here to demonstrate where the breaks would be.
The numbers 2-6 lenite ceud, so you get dà cheud, trì cheud, ceithir cheud, cóig cheud and sia cheud. This is NOT completely arbitrary but the last remining vestiges of something Gaelic lost. Traditionally (well, several hundred years back in Gaelic terms), the number 1-6 lenite while the numbers 7-10 nasalize. Meaning? Well, seeing Irish still does this, let's have a look at how you count boats in Irish: bád, dhá bhád, trí bhád, ceithre bhád, cúig bhád, sé bhád, seacht mbád, ocht mbád, naoi mbád, deich mbád. Cool, isn't it? Gaelic stopped doing this a long time ago - except with the word ceud for whatever reason. In older texts, you might also come across things like trì thaighean occasionally.
Between 1001 and 9999, you can employ "splitting" into hundreds as you would with a year, e.g. 1267 as dà cheud dheag, trì fichead is a seachd.
As mentioned above, there is the possibility to express numbers up to 200 in twenties e.g. 136 as ceud, sia deug ar fhichead or sia fichead is a sia deug. So 136 ice-creams would be sia fichead reòiteag is a deich.
Leth refers to a half of the previous largest round 100, 1.000, 10.000 etc unit. This gives a value of 50, 500, 5.000 etc. These are then combined to give 150, 1.500, 15.000 etc. Enter the "illogical" step. You might imagine that trì cheud gu leth equals 450. Wrong. It equals 350. This principle applies at each level (100, 1.000, 10.000 etc). You can then add the numbers 1-9 to these expressions, but once you hit the next full 10, you have to revert to the "normal" way of counting, e.g. dà mhìle gu leth, dà mhìle gu leth is a h-aon, dà mhìle gu leth is a dhà ... dà mhìle gu leth is a naoi, dà mhìle is trì fichead. Leth cheud, leth mhìle etc work the same way. Alternatively you can just stick to the "normal" numbers
Possessives ... the ones that lenite, lenite numbers and the ones that add n- add n- to numbers beginning with vowels: mo dhà shùil, a thrì taighean, ar n-ochd caraidean. An so on.
Plurals. Numbers form their plurals 'relatively' regularly by adding -(e)an, -than, -dhean, -tean: aon > aonan, dà > dàthan, trì > trìthean, ceithir > ceithirean, cóig > cóigean, sia > siathan, seachd > seachdan, ochd > ochdan, naoi > naoidhean, deich > deichean, fichead > ficheadan, ceud > ceudan, mìle > mìltean, millean > milleanan. When will you ever need that? Well, try saying "I shook four sixes in a row" without using a plural of six ...
And last but not least, there is a tendency to stick the thing being counted at the very end with large numbers, especially with monetary units, so ¥51.655 would be dàichead mìle, sia ceud, trì fichead is a cóig Yen rather than dàichead mìle, sia ceud, trì fichead Yen is a cóig.
Hooray, you've cracked it ... except that Gaelic educationalists have had other plans .... Oh, and there's a separate page on how to give the date and time in Gaelic.
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