An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "PPP - Pronouns, prepositions and their pronunciation"
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==<span style="color: #008000;">Ann an</span>== | ==<span style="color: #008000;">Ann an</span>== | ||
[[Preposition-annan|More about ''ann an'']] | [[Preposition-annan|More about ''ann an'']] |
Mùthadh on 12:24, 12 dhen Iuchar 2020
In this section we'll try to give you a fairly comprehensive overview of the Gaelic prepositions - including some of the more obscure issues and a fresh view on some old friends.
But before we start, a quick anecdote about rules in language.
Linguists will tell you that some languages are PRO-drop languages and some are not. PRO stands for 'pronoun' and PRO-drop means that in some languages you're permitted to drop the pronoun in a sentence. Generally, this is allowed because the verb alone already marks the grammatical person (i.e. you, me, he, they etc.). Spanish is a PRO-drop language in which you can either say yo tengo una cebra or tengo una cebra and both mean "I have a zebra." On the other hand, linguists will tell you that English is not a PRO-drop language, never ever, ever. Or is it? This morning, I asked my partner a question: "have you ever used the word "prune" as an insult?" The answer came straight back: "might have done". Can YOU see a pronoun anywhere? I can't. Anyway, this isn't a blog, but I thought I'd remind us all that languages are unruly things. While there are rules that you can learn and follow, they rarely apply in 100% of cases. Still, 99% isn't bad either, is it?
For the most part, they're arranged in groups according to their first element, for example, for mu choinneimh, look under mu.
How to remember them? Wellll... I get asked that a lot. I've tried but it may not be everyone's cup of sùgh an eòrna - but just in case.
À
à | [a] |
às an | [as əN(ʲ)] |
asam | [asəm] |
asad | [asəd] |
às | [as] |
aiste | [aʃdʲə] |
asainn | [asɪNʲ] |
asaibh | [asɪv] |
asta | [asdə] |
Aig
aig | [ɛgʲ] |
aig an | [ɛgʲ əN(ʲ)] |
agam | [agəm] |
agad | [agəd] |
aige | [ɛgʲə] |
aice | [ɛçgʲə] |
againn | [agɪNʲ] |
agaibh | [agɪv] |
aca | [axgə] |
Aig + possessive pronoun
'gam | [gam] |
'gad | [gəd] |
'ga | [ga] |
'ga (h-) | [ga (h)] |
'gar (n-) | [gar (n)] |
'gur (n-) | [gar (n)] |
'gan | [gan] |
Air
More about |air
air | [ɛrʲ] |
air an | [ɛrʲ əN(ʲ)] |
orm | [ɔrɔm] |
ort | [ɔRʃd] |
air | [ɛrʲ] |
oirre | [ɔRə] |
oirnn | [ɔːRNʲ] |
oirbh | [ɔrʲɪv] |
orra | [ɔRə] |
Ann an
ann an | [ãũN əN(ʲ)] |
anns an | [ãũNs əN(ʲ)] |
annam | [ũNəm] |
annad | [ũNəd] |
ann | [ãũN] |
innte | [ĩːNʲdʲə] |
annainn | [aNɪNʲ] |
annaibh | [aNɪv] |
annta | [ãũNdə] |
Ann an + possessive pronoun
'nam | [nam] |
'nad | [nad] |
'na | [na] |
'na (h-) | [na (h)] |
'nar (n-) | [nar (n)] |
'nur (n-) | [nar (n)] |
'nan | [nan] |
De
de | [də] |
dhen / dhen an | [ʝɛN(ʲ)] / [ʝɛnəN(ʲ)] |
dhìom | [ʝĩə̃m] |
dhìot | [ʝied] |
dheth | [ʝe] |
dhith | [ʝi] |
dhinn | [ʝĩNʲ] |
dhibh | [ʝiv] |
dhiubh | [ʝu] |
Do
do | [də] |
dhan / dhan an | [ɣaN(ʲ)], [ɣanəN(ʲ)] |
dhomh | [ɣɔ̃] |
dhut | [ɣuhd] |
dha | [ɣa] |
dhi | [ʝi] |
dhuinn | [ɣɯ̃ĩNʲ] |
dhuibh | [ɣɯiv] |
dhaibh | [ɣaiv] |
Eadar
eadar | [edər] |
eadar an | [edər əN(ʲ)] |
eadarainn | [edərɪNʲ] |
eadaraibh | [edərɪv] |
eatarra | [ehdəRə] |
Fo
fo | [fɔ] |
fon / fon an | [fɔN(ʲ)] / [fɔnəN(ʲ)] |
fodham | [fo.əm] |
fodhad | [fo.əd] |
fodha | [fo.ə] |
foidhpe | [foihbə] |
fodhainn | [fo.ɪNʲ] |
fodhaibh | [fo.ɪv] |
fodhpa | [fohbə] |
Gu
gu | [gu] |
gun chun an |
[gunəN(ʲ)] [xunəN(ʲ)] |
thugam | [hugəm] |
thugad | [hugəd] |
thuige | [hɯgʲə] |
thuice | [hɯçgʲə] |
thugainn | [hugɪNʲ] |
thugaibh | [hugɪv] |
thuca | [huxgə] |
Le
le | [le] |
leis an | [leʃ əN(ʲ)] |
leam | [ləm] |
leat | [lahd] |
leis | [leʃ] |
leatha | [le.ə] |
leinn | [lẽĩNʲ] |
leibh | [leiv] |
leotha | [lo.ə] |
Mu
mu | [mə] |
mun / mun an | [muN(ʲ)] / [munəN(ʲ)] |
umam | [ũməm] |
umad | [ũməd] |
uime | [ɯ̃imə] |
uimpe | [ɯ̃imbə] |
umainn | [ũmɪNʲ] |
umaibh | [ũmɪv] |
umpa | [ũːmbə] |
O
o | [ɔ] |
on / on an | [ɔN(ʲ)] / [ɔnəN(ʲ)] |
uam | [uəm] |
uat | [uəhd] |
uaidhe | [uajə] |
uaipe | [uəihbə] |
uainn | [ũə̃ĩNʲ] |
uaibh | [uəiv] |
uapa | [uəhbə] |
Ri
ri | [rʲi] |
ris an | [rʲiʃ əN(ʲ)] |
rium | [rʲum] |
riut | [rʲuʰd] |
ris | [rʲiʃ] |
rithe | [rʲi.ə] |
r(u)inn | [rɯ̃ĩNʲ] |
r(u)ibh | [rɯiv] |
riutha | [ru.ə] |
Tro
tro | [trɔ] |
tron / tron an | [trɔN(ʲ)] / [trɔnəN(ʲ)] |
tromham | [trɔ.əm] |
tromhad | [trɔ.əd] |
troimhe | [trɔjə] |
troimhpe | [trɔihbə] |
tromhainn | [trɔ.ɪNʲ] |
tromhaibh | [trɔ.ɪv] |
tromhpa | [trɔ̃hbə] |
Thar
thar | [har] |
thar an | [har əN(ʲ)] |
tharam | [harəm] |
tharad | [harəd] |
thairis air | [harʲɪʃ ɛrʲ] |
thairte | [haRʃdʲə] |
tharainn | [harɪNʲ] |
tharaibh | [harɪv] |
tharta | [haRʃdə] |
Personal pronouns
mi | [mĩː] | [mi] |
thu tu |
[uː] [duː] |
[u] [du] |
e | [ɛː] | [ə] |
i | [iː] | [i] |
sinn | [ʃiːNʲ] | [ʃiNʲ] |
sibh | [ʃiːv] | [ʃiv] |
iad | [iəd] | [əd] |
Personal pronouns with emphatic suffixes
mise | [mĩʃə] |
thusa tusa |
[usə] [dusə] |
esan | [ɛsən] |
ise | [iʃə] |
sinne | [ʃiNʲə] |
sibhse | [ʃiːvʃə] |
iadsan | [iədsən] |
Possessive pronoun
mo chù | [mə'xuː] |
do chù | [də'xuː] |
a chù | [ə'xuː] |
a cù | [ə'kuː] |
ar cù | [ər'kuː] |
ur cù | [ər'kuː] |
an cù | [əŋ'kuː] |
Possessive pronoun with emphatic suffixes
mo chù-sa | [mə'xuːsə] |
do chù-sa | [də'xuːsə ] |
a chù-san | [ə'xuːsən] |
a cù-se | [ə'kuːʃə] |
ar cù-ne | [ər'kuːnə] |
ur cù-se | [ər'kuːʃə] |
an cù-san | [ən'kuːsən] |
Possessive pronoun with initial vowel
m' anam | [manam] |
d' anam | [danam] |
anam | [anam] |
a h-anam | [ə'hanam] |
ar n-anam | [ər'nanam] |
ur n-anam | [ər'nanam] |
an anam | [ə'nanam] |
Possessive pronoun with initial vowel and emphatic suffixes
m' anam-sa | [manamsə] |
d' anam-sa | [danamsə] |
anam-san | [anamsən] |
a h-anam-se | [ə'hanamʃə] |
ar n-anam-ne | [ər'nanamnə] |
ur n-anam-se | [ər'nanamʃə] |
an anam-san | [ə'nanamsən] |
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